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1、第20131年卷第11月6期干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究Vo1.31No.6Nov.2013不同覆膜方式對旱地玉米生長發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響李尚中,樊廷錄2,王磊,趙剛,黨翼,張建軍,王勇,唐小明,趙暉。(1.甘肅省農(nóng)科院旱地農(nóng)業(yè)研究所,甘肅蘭州730070;2.甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)科學院科研管理處,甘肅蘭州7300703.甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學院,甘肅蘭州730030)摘要:針對甘肅隴東旱作區(qū)年降水量少、季節(jié)分布不均,特別是玉米生產(chǎn)春旱嚴重等問題,以露地平播為對照(cK),研究了雙壟面全膜覆蓋溝播,雙壟面半膜覆蓋溝播,寬膜覆蓋平播,窄膜覆蓋平播,全地面覆蓋平播,膜
2、側(cè)播種等6種覆膜種植方式對旱作玉米出苗率、干物質(zhì)積累量、株高、葉面積指數(shù)、生育時期、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,全膜雙壟溝提高了玉米出苗率和出苗速度,提早成熟,整個生育期玉米株高、葉面積指數(shù)和干物質(zhì)積累量始終大干其它處理,顯著提高了產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,是旱作區(qū)進一步挖掘降水潛力和高產(chǎn)田創(chuàng)建的有效途徑。關鍵詞:覆膜方式;旱地玉米;生長發(fā)育;水分利用效率;產(chǎn)量中圖分類號:$513.042文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1000—7601(2ot3)o6—0022—06Efectsofdiferentfilm-mulchingmodesongrowth,y
3、ieldandwateruseeficiencyofdrylandmaizeLIShang—zhong,F(xiàn)ANTing-]u2,WANGl_ei,ZHAOGang,DANGYi,ZHANGJian.iun,WANGYong,TANGXiao.ming1.ZHAOHui(1.InstituteofDrylandAgriculture,GansuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Lanzhou7300-10,China;2.ScientifcManagementDepartment,GansuAcademyofAgricultu
4、ralSciences,Lanzhou730070,China;3.GansuAgricultureTechnologyCollege,Lanzhou730030,China)Abstract:Aimedattheproblemsoflimitedandunevenlydistributedrainfallandseriousspringdroughtinthedry—fanningareasineastGansuProvince,theeffectsofsixdifferentfilm-mulchingmodels,includingflatpla
5、ntingwithnofilmmulching(CK),fullfilmmulchingondoubleridgesandplantingincatchmentfurrows(FFDRF),halffilmmulchingondoubleridgesandplantingincatchmentfurrows(HFDRF),widefilmmulchingandflatplanting(WF),narrowfilmmulchingandflatplanting(NF),fullfilmmulchingandflatplanting(FF),filmmu
6、lchingonridgeandplantingatfilm—side(FS),onseedlingemergencerate,drymatteraccumulation,plantheight,leafareaindex,growthstages,yieldandwateruseeficiencyofdrylandmaizewerestudied.TheresultsshowedthatthemodeofHFDRFcouldimproveemergencerateandgrowthspeedofseedlings,advancematurityti
7、me,increaseplantheight,leafareaindexanddrymatteraccumu.1ation,andraiseyieldandwateruseefficiencyofmaizesignificantly.Thusitwasaneffectivewaytoexploitrainfallpro.ductivepotentialandtorealizehigh—yieldindry—farmingareas.Keywords:film-mulchingmode;drylandmaize;growth;wateruseefici
8、ency;yield玉米是甘肅省主要的糧飼兼用作物,從1949年到2012年的64a間,甘肅省玉米種植面積占