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1、秸稈還田方式對旱地玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響EffectofStraw-incorporationonCornYieldandWaterUseEfficiencyinAridFarmingAreas??DOI:中文關(guān)鍵詞:??春玉米??秸稈還田??水分利用效率??長期試驗(yàn)英文關(guān)鍵詞:Springmaize??Strawreturntofield??Wateruseefficiency??Long-termfertilizerapplication基金項(xiàng)目:“十一五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2006
2、BAD29B05);山西省科技攻關(guān)資助項(xiàng)目(2006031042);農(nóng)業(yè)部旱作節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目作者單位解文艷?太原理工大學(xué);山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院?樊貴盛?太原理工大學(xué)?周懷平?山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;山西大學(xué)?關(guān)春林?山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院?楊振興?山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院?摘要點(diǎn)擊次數(shù):?40全文下載次數(shù):?26中文摘要:??????基于中國北方干旱地區(qū)18年的長期秸稈還田田間定位試驗(yàn),開展了不同秸稈還田方式及施肥時(shí)期對春玉米產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率影響的比較研究。結(jié)果表明:與春施肥對應(yīng)處理相比,不同方式秸稈還
3、田秋施肥具有顯著增產(chǎn)效果,18年累計(jì)增產(chǎn)玉米籽粒9.71~15.58t/hm2,增產(chǎn)率為8.33%~16.19%;同時(shí),玉米生育期耗水量減少,土壤貯水量增加,水分利用效率明顯提高。4種不同秸稈還田方式對春玉米18年總產(chǎn)量、總水分利用效率的貢獻(xiàn)從大到小依次為:秸稈過腹還田、秸稈覆蓋還田、秸稈粉碎直接還田、秸稈未還田。不同的降水年型,對各處理玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用也存在較大影響。正常年型玉米產(chǎn)量最高,偏旱年型玉米水分利用效率最高。秸稈覆蓋還田秋施肥對偏旱年份的增產(chǎn)及水分利用效率提高的效果尤為突出。英文摘要:?
4、?????Basedontheresultsfrom18-yearlong-termlocationexperimentindrylandexperimentalareaofnorthernChina,theeffectsofvariouskindsofstrawreturntofieldsuchasnostrawreturning(CK),strawmulching(SM),strawcrushing(SC),cattlemanure(CM)anddifferentfertilizationtime
5、i.e.springandautumnoncornyieldandwateruseefficiencywerestudied.Theresultsshowedthattheexperimentofcombiningautumnfertilizingwithreturningstalkstofieldcouldincreasetheyieldandwateruseefficiencyofspringmaizesignificantlycomparedtothespringfertilizing,mean
6、while,itdecreasedtheaccumulatedwaterconsumptionandincreasedthesoilwaterstorageamount.Theresultsshowedthatautumnfertilizingincreased9.71~15.58t/hm2inyield,comparedwithspringfertilizing.Therangeofincreasedinyieldwas8.33%~16.19%.Thetotalcornyieldandwaterus
7、eefficiencyinthepast18-yeardecreasedinthefollowingorder:CM>SM>SC>CK.Indifferentrainfallyears,thecornyieldandwateruseefficiencywereverydifferent.Innormalyears,thecornyieldwashighest.Indryyears,thewateruseefficiencyofspringmaizewashighestandyieldincreasin
8、geffectfromstrawmulchingcombiningwithautumnfertilizingwasstriking.