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1、中國(guó)婦幼健康研究2010年第21卷第2期149陜西農(nóng)村圍絕經(jīng)期婦女健康狀況保健需求調(diào)查邊永娜,李芬,張欣文,夏曉娜,宋暉,王麗(西安交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院婦幼中心,陜西西安710061)[摘要]目的通過(guò)了解陜西省部分農(nóng)村地區(qū)圍絕經(jīng)期婦女的健康狀況和對(duì)保健服務(wù)的需求,分析在農(nóng)村開(kāi)展圍絕經(jīng)期保健的重要性。方法采用整群隨機(jī)抽樣的方法,對(duì)陜西省4個(gè)縣9個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)共計(jì)729名40—60歲的農(nóng)村婦女進(jìn)行面對(duì)面問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和相關(guān)檢查。結(jié)果調(diào)查對(duì)象中,自然絕經(jīng)年齡平均為47.86歲,現(xiàn)患病前5位依次為:心血管疾病(14.8l%)、消化系統(tǒng)疾病(7.82%)、婦科
2、腫瘤(7.13%)、骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病(6.17%)和內(nèi)分泌疾病(4.66%)。88.61%的被調(diào)查者有不同程度的圍絕經(jīng)期相關(guān)癥狀,其中最常見(jiàn)的前4種依次為:焦躁(71.47%)、頭暈(65.71%)、易疲勞乏力(63.51%)和肌肉骨關(guān)節(jié)痛(62.69%)。月經(jīng)初潮年齡與自然絕經(jīng)年齡相關(guān)分析顯示無(wú)顯著相關(guān)性(R=0.044,P=0.554)。雖然有約一半的調(diào)查對(duì)象知道婦女有圍絕經(jīng)期過(guò)程,但僅有8.09%的人對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期相關(guān)癥狀比較清楚,85.87%的被調(diào)查者幾乎沒(méi)有獲得過(guò)圍絕經(jīng)期健康教育宣傳。結(jié)論大部分陜西農(nóng)村婦女在圍絕經(jīng)期出現(xiàn)了不同程度的相關(guān)癥狀,
3、但其缺乏對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期知識(shí)的了解,能得到的相應(yīng)保健服務(wù)有限。因此,有必要在陜西省農(nóng)村地區(qū)開(kāi)展圍絕經(jīng)期健康教育和健康促進(jìn)工作。[關(guān)鍵詞]農(nóng)村;圍絕經(jīng)期;保健需求;橫斷面調(diào)查doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673—5293.2010.02.009[中圖分類號(hào)]R173[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A[文章編號(hào)]1673—5293(2010)02—0149—03AninvestigationofhealthstatusanddemandofperimenopausalwomeninShaanxiruralareasBIANYong—na,LIFen,ZHANG
4、Xin.wen.XIAXiao.Ha.SONGHui,WANGLi(PFirstAffiliatedHospitalofMedicalCollege,’anJiaotongUniversity,ShaanxiXi’an710061,China)AbstractlobjecfiveToinvestigatehealthstatusanddemandofperimenopausalwomeninShaanxirllralareas.a(chǎn)ndtoexploreimportanceofdevelopingperimenopausalhealthcare
5、inFnralareas.MethodsInrandomizedclustersamplingmethod.729ruralperimenopausalwomenaged40~6Oyearsin9townshipsof4countiesofShaanxiprovincewereinvestigatedface—to.facewithquestionnairesandwereexaminedinsomerelateditems.ResultsTheaverageageofnaturalmenopausewas47.86yearsiuthiseo
6、ho~.Thefirstfiveprevalentdiseaseswerecardiovasculardiseases(14.81%),digestivesystemdiseases(7.82%),gynecologictumors(7.13%),boneandjointdiseases(6.17%)andendocrinediseases(4.66%).88.61%ofthesubiectshadsomevarieddegreesofsymptomsrelatingtopefimenopause.Thefirstfotlrmost~eque
7、ntandcommonsymptomswererestlessness(71.47%),dizziness(65.71%),fatigue(63.51%)andmuscular,boneandjointpains(62.69).Themenarcheagewasnotrelatedtomenopauseage(R=0.044,P=0.554).Althoughalmosthalfofthesubjectsknewthatawomanwouldexperienceperimenopansalperiodinherlife.only809%oft
8、hemunderstoodperimenopausalrelativesymptoms.85.87%ofthemhardlyhadreceivedanyperime