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1、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)作物學(xué)報(bào)ACTAAGRONOMICASINICAISSN0496—3490；CODENTSHPA9http：／／www．chinacrops．org／zwxb／E—mail：xbzw@chinajournal．net．caDoI：10．3724，SP．J．1006．2012．00107灌溉方式對(duì)減輕水稻高溫危害的作用段驊俞正華徐云姬王志琴劉立軍楊建昌4揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省作物遺傳生理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，江蘇揚(yáng)州225009摘要：為探明灌溉方式對(duì)減緩水稻高溫危害的影響，以中秈水稻品種黃華占和雙桂1號(hào)為材料，在抽穗灌漿期
2、進(jìn)行高溫(白天腋間平均溫度為35．1。C／20．8℃)和正常溫度(白天／夜間平均溫度為29．0"C120．8℃)處理并設(shè)置輕干濕交替灌溉(土壤落干至土水勢(shì)為一15kPa時(shí)復(fù)水)、重干濕交替灌溉(土壤落干至土水勢(shì)為～30kPa時(shí)復(fù)水)和水層灌溉(對(duì)照)3種灌溉方式，觀測(cè)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)形成的特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明，在相同溫度尤其是在高溫脅迫下，與水層灌溉相比，輕干濕交替灌溉顯著增加結(jié)實(shí)率、千粒重和產(chǎn)量，增加出糙率、精米率和整精米率，降低堊白米率和堊白度，增大崩解值，減小消減值，重干濕交替灌溉的結(jié)果則相反。2個(gè)品種結(jié)果趨勢(shì)基本一
3、致。說(shuō)明抽穗結(jié)實(shí)期遭受高溫脅迫，采用輕干濕交替灌溉方式可以獲得較高的產(chǎn)量和較好的稻米品質(zhì)。冠層相對(duì)濕度降低、葉片活性氧(0；)生成速率減小、抗氧化物質(zhì)抗壞血酸和還原型谷胱甘肽含量增加、內(nèi)源細(xì)胞分裂素濃度及籽粒亞精胺和精胺濃度的提高是輕干濕交替灌溉方式減輕水稻高溫危害的重要生態(tài)生理原因。關(guān)鍵詞：水稻；高溫；灌溉方式；產(chǎn)量；品質(zhì)；生理機(jī)制RoleofIrrigationPatternsinReducingHarmsofHighTemperaturetoRiceDUANHua，YUZheng．Hua，XUYun．Ji
4、，WANGZhi—Qin，LIULi．Jun，andYANGJian．Chang+KeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiologyofJiangsuProvince，YangzhouUniversity，Yangzhou225009，ChinaAbstract：Possibleirrigationpatternstoreducetheinjuryofhightemperaturetoricegrowthanddevelopmentwerestudiedusingtwomid—se
5、asonindicacultivarsofHuanghuazhanandShuangguil．Bothhightemperature(meantemperatureduringtheday／nightat35．1*C／20．8。C)andnormaltemperature(meautemperatureduringtheday／nightat29．0"C／20．8。C)treatmentsandthreeirrigationpatterns，includingalternatewettingandmoderat
6、esoildrying(MD，plantswerere-wateredwhensoilwaterpoten—tialreachedto-15kPa)，alternatewettingandseveresoildrying(SD，plantswerere—wateredwhensoilwaterpotentialreachedto-30kPa)，andwell—watered(control，continuouslyflooded)，wereconducmdduringheadingandgrainlilting
7、．Thegrainyield蕊dqualityofricewereinvestigated．Theresultsshowedthatundereithernormalorhightemperature，comparedwiththecontrol，theMDsignificantlyincreasedseed·settingrate，1000-grainweight,grainyield，brownrice，milledriceandheadrice，andreducedchalkygrainsandchalk
8、inessdegree．TheMDalsoincreasedthebreakdownviscosityanddecreasedthesetbackviscosity．TheSDshowedtheoppositeeffects．Thetwocultivarsbehavedthesame．TheseresultsindicatedthattheMDmaymaintainahighergmi
