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1、2016年5月農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)第47卷第5期doi:10.6041/j.issn.10001298.2016.05.054軸向柱塞液壓馬達(dá)機(jī)械液壓耦合仿真分析1,211222高有山權(quán)龍黃家海張一蔚鵬飛孫宣德(1.太原理工大學(xué)機(jī)械電子工程研究所,太原030024;2.太原科技大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院,太原030024)摘要:為了使軸向柱塞液壓馬達(dá)仿真模型接近于物理樣機(jī),采用機(jī)械、液壓耦合模型并綜合考慮柱塞和缸體、柱塞和斜盤等摩擦副的摩擦力和液體的粘性阻尼以及減小壓力脈動(dòng)的三角阻尼槽等因素,建立了軸向柱塞液壓馬達(dá)仿真模型。液壓馬達(dá)高壓油推動(dòng)柱塞位
2、移、機(jī)械能推動(dòng)柱塞排油,實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓能和機(jī)械能相互轉(zhuǎn)換,主要包括壓力源(恒流源或恒壓源)、負(fù)載(外部阻力矩,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量)、柱塞缸體組件、柱塞往復(fù)和旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換組件、配流窗口等。仿真結(jié)果與有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中液壓馬達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)速、加速時(shí)間、最大輸出流量的仿真值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值誤差均小于5%,驗(yàn)證了仿真模型能夠保證較好的計(jì)算精度。仿真結(jié)果表明,由于卸荷槽和腰型槽過(guò)渡區(qū)域有通流面積突變現(xiàn)象,容易產(chǎn)生局部壓力脈沖現(xiàn)象,且轉(zhuǎn)速越高壓力波動(dòng)越大,通過(guò)優(yōu)化卸荷槽結(jié)構(gòu)型式和參數(shù)可以減小脈動(dòng)沖擊;液壓馬達(dá)工作特性受負(fù)載的影響,負(fù)載的總轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量大時(shí)加速時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而穩(wěn)
3、定轉(zhuǎn)速波動(dòng)區(qū)間窄,相應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的脈動(dòng)也趨于減小。關(guān)鍵詞:軸向柱塞液壓馬達(dá);機(jī)械液壓耦合;仿真分析中圖分類號(hào):TH137文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):10001298(2016)05039506SimulationAnalysisofAxialPistonHydraulicMotorsbyMechanicalCouplingwithHydraulic1,211222GaoYoushanQuanLongHuangJiahaiZhangYiYuPengfeiSunXuande(1.InstituteofMechatronicEngineeri
4、ng,TaiyuanUniversityofTechnology,Taiyuan030024,China2.CollegeofMechanicalEngineering,TaiyuanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Taiyuan030024,China)Abstract:Inordertomakethesimulationmodelclosertophysicalprototype,mechanicalhydrauliccouplingsimulationmodelonaxialpistonhyd
5、raulicmotorwasestablished,andthefactorsincludingthefrictionforceofcylinderplungerandcylinderblock,cylinderplungerandswashplate,theviscousdampingoffluidandthetriangledampinggroovewhichistodecreasethepressurefluctuationweretakenintoconsideration.Throughthehighpressureoil
6、ofthehydraulicmotorpushingplungertomoveandmechanicalenergydrivingplungertodischargeoil,themutualconversionbetweenhydraulicenergyandmechanicalenergywasimplemented.Thesimulationmodelmainlyincludedthepressuresource(constantcurrentsourceorconstantvoltagesource),load(extern
7、alresistancemoment),pistonandcylindercomponents,reciprocatingandrotatingmotiontransformationcomponentsoftheplunger,oildistributionport,etc.Inthemodel,cylinderwasconnectedwithrigidorelasticlockingdevice.Pistonandcylindersurfaceissimplifiedtoaspringdamperelasticsealing
8、unit.Inordertorealizepositiveinversionofthehydraulicmotor,triangleunloadinggroovewassetinthebothendsoftheoilinletando