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1、外文文獻翻譯（譯成中文1000字左右）：【主要閱讀文獻不少于5篇，譯文后附注文獻信息，包括：作者、書名（或論文題目）、出版社（或刊物名稱）、出版時間（或刊號）、頁碼。提供所譯外文資料附件（印刷類含封面、封底、目錄、翻譯部分的復印件等，網(wǎng)站類的請附網(wǎng)址及原文】ShipsTypedAccordingtoMeansofPhysicalSupportThemodeofphysicalsupportbywhichvesselscanbecategorizedassumesthatthevesselisoperatingunderdesignedc
2、onditions.Shipsaredesignedtooperateabove,on,orbelowthesurfaceofthesea,sotheair-seainterfacewillbeusedasthereferencedatum.Becausethenatureofthephysicalenvironmentisquitedifferentforthethreeregionsjustmentioned,thephysicalcharacteristicsofshipsdesignedtooperateinthoseregio
3、nscanbediverse.AerostaticSupportTherearetwocategoriesofvesselsthataresupportedabovethesurfaceoftheseaonaself-inducedcushionofair.Theserelativelylightweightvehiclesarecapableofhighspeeds,sinceairresistanceisconsiderablylessthanwaterresistance,andtheabsenceofcontactwithsma
4、llwavescombinedwithflexiblesealsreducestheeffectsofwaveimpactathighspeed.Suchvesselsdependonliftfanstocreateacushionoflow-pressureairinanunderbodychamber.Thiscushionofairmustbesufficienttosupporttheweightofthevehicleabovethewatersurface.Thefirsttypeofvesselhasflexible“sk
5、irts”thatentirelysurroundtheaircushionandenabletheshiptorisecompletelyabovetheseasurface.Thisiscalledanaircushionvehicle(ACV),andinalimitedsenseitisamphibious.Theothertypeofair-cushioncrafthasrigidsidewallsorthinhullsthatextendbelowthesurfaceofthewatertoreducetheamountof
6、airflowrequiredtomaintainthecushionpressure.Thistypeiscalledacaptured-air-bubblevehicle(CAB).Itrequireslesslift-fanpowerthananACV,ismoredirectionallystable,andcanbepropelledbywaterjetsorsupercavitatingpropellers.Itisnotamphibious,however,andhasnotyetachievedthepopularity
7、oftheACVs,whichincludepassengerferries,cross-channelautomobileferries,polar-explorationcraft,landingcraft,andriverinewarfacevessels.HydrodynamicSupportTherearealsotwotypesofvesselsthatdependondynamicsupportgeneratedbyrelativelyrapidforwardmotionofspeciallydesignedhydrody
8、namicshapeseitheronorbeneaththesurfaceofthewater.Aprincipleofphysicsstatesthatanymovingobjectthatcanpro
