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1、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào)2013,19(2):321—330PlantNutritionandFertilizerSciencedoi:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0207長(zhǎng)期秸稈還田對(duì)旱地玉米產(chǎn)量、效益及水分利用的影響周懷平,解文艷,關(guān)春林,楊振興,李紅梅(1山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與資源研究所,太原030006;2山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工研究所,太原030031)摘要:在我國(guó)北方地區(qū)的旱作農(nóng)田,從1992年秋季開(kāi)始至2011年,進(jìn)行了連續(xù)19年的不同秸稈還田方式的春玉米長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn),研究秸稈不還田(CK)、長(zhǎng)期秸稈覆蓋還田
2、(sM)、秸稈粉碎直接還田(sc)、秸稈養(yǎng)畜糞肥還田(CM)對(duì)玉米籽粒產(chǎn)量、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和水分利用的影響。結(jié)果表明,1)秸稈還田具有顯著的增產(chǎn)增收效果,19年累計(jì)增產(chǎn)13.43~24.28t/hm,增產(chǎn)幅度11.57%~20.92%,純效益增加了12831~18171yuart/hm;2)秸稈還田可以減少玉米生育期耗水量、增加土壤貯水總量、明顯提高水分利用效率,其中秸稈養(yǎng)畜糞肥還田的增產(chǎn)增收效果以及秸稈覆蓋還田的保水效果最為明顯。不同的降水年型,對(duì)玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用也存在較大影響,正常降水年型玉米產(chǎn)量最高,偏旱年型玉米水分利用效率最高。
3、豐水年份和偏豐年份應(yīng)當(dāng)注意減少降水的無(wú)效耗散,秸稈覆蓋還田在偏旱年份的增產(chǎn)效果尤為突出。關(guān)鍵詞:長(zhǎng)期試驗(yàn);秸稈還田;水分利用效率;春玉米中圖分類號(hào):$513.01;S141.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1008-505X(2013)02-0321-10Efectsoflong-termstraw-returningoncornyield,economicbenefitandwateruseinaridfarmingareasZHOUHuai—ping,XIEWen-yan,GUANChun—lin,YANGZhen—xing,LIHo
4、ng-mei(InstituteofAgriculturalEnvironmentandResources,ShanxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Taiyuan030006,China;2InstituteofFarmingProductProcessing,ShanxiAcademyD廠AgriculturalScience,Ta~uan030031,China)Abstract:Basedontheresultsfroma19一yearlocationexperimentinrainfedexp
5、eriment~areasofnorthernChina,theefectsofvariouskindsofstrawreturntofieldonmaizeyield,economicbenefitandwateruseefficiencywerestudied.Therewere4treatments,nostrawreturning(CK),strawmulching(SM),strawcrushing(SC),andcattlemanure(CM).TheresultsshowthatcomparedtotheCK,thee
6、xperimentofreturningstalkstofieldcouldincreasetheyield,netbenefitandwateruseefficiencyofspringmaizesignificantly,decreasetheaccumulatedwaterconsumptionandincreasethesoilwaterstorageamount.Theaccumulatedyieldsofthenineteenyearsareincreasedby13.427—24.284t/hawithincrease
7、sof11.57%一20.92%,andtheneteconomicbenefitsareimprovedby12831-18171Yuan/ha.Thetotalcornyieldandneteconomicbenefitsofthecattlemanuretreatmentarethehighest.Indiferentrainfallyears,theCOrnyieldsandwateruseeficienciesareverydiferent.Innormalyears,theCOrnyieldsarethehighest,
8、whileindryyears,thewateruseefficienciesofspringmaizearehighest.Theyieldincreasingefectfromthestrawmulchingissignifica