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1、WordFormation(II)OverviewBlendingClippingAcronymBackformationOthersourcesofnewwordsBlending:combiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherwordflush(flash&blush)smog(smoke&fog)1.head+tail:autocide,motel2.head+head:comsat(communationssatellite)sitcom(situationcomedy)3.head+word:medicare,
2、Eurasia4.word+tail:lunarnaut,workfareClipping:shorteningalongerwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead1.frontclipping:quake(earthquake),phone(telephone)2.backclipping:dorm(dormitory),memo(memorandum)3.fronandbackclipping:flu(influenza),fridge(refrigerator)4.Phraseclippi
3、ng:pub(publichouse),popNote:changesinspellingandpronunciationfridge,bike,mike,cokeAcronymy:joiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalterms1.Initialisms:pronouncedletterbyletterVOA,BBC,UFO2.Acronyms:pronouncedasanormalwordNATO,AIDS,TESOL
4、,IELTSNote:Someacronymsareformedwiththeinitialletterofthefirstwordplusthewholeofthesecond.G-man,V-dayBack-formation:removingthesupposedsuffixeseditor---editbutler---butle1.abstractnounsdiagnosediagnosisdonatedonationenthuseenthusiasmemoteemotion2.Humannounsloafloaferburgleburglarbegbeggar
5、sculptsculptor3.Compoundnounsandothersmerrymakemerrymakingbabysitbabysitter4.AdjectivesdrowsedrowsylazelazyTraditionalSourcesofNewWordsWordsFromProperNamesReduplicationNeoclassicalFormationMiscellaneousWordsfromProperNounsAnotherminortypeofword-formationisthecoinageofcommonwordsfromproper
6、names.Thetransitionfrompropernamestocommonwordsisagradualone.Theycomefromallsources,fromnamesofscientists,politiciansandstatesmentotrademarks,andplacenames.Somehaveoriginatedfromcharactersinliterature,TVfilmsandmovies,butsomealsocomefrombooktitles.WordsfromProperNames1.Namesofpeople:Watt,
7、Ohm,pasteurize2.Namesofplaces:china,champagne3.Namesofbooks:utopia4.Tradenames:nylon,orlon,dacron,rayonReduplicationReduplicationisaminortypeofword-formationbywhichacompoundwordiscreatedbytherepetition:ofonewordlikego-go;oftwoalmostidenticalwordswithachangeinthevowe
