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1、IntroductiontoLanguageIntroductiontothecourseLanguage2IntroductiontoLinguistics2Phonetics4Phonology2Morphology2Syntax4Semantics4Pragmatics2Sociolinguistics4LanguageChange2LinguisticsandForeignLanguageTeaching2LanguageIslanguageasystem?Yes.Isthereintrinsicconnectionbetweenformandmeaning?No.It’sarb
2、itrary.DifferentdefinitionsLanguageisasystemwhosepartscanandmustbeconsideredintheirsynchronicsolidarity.(deSaussure,1916)[Languageis]aset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.(Chomsky,1957)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommun
3、ication.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Asystem----elementsinitarearrangedaccordingtocertainrules.Theycannotbearrangedatwill.e.g.Hethetablecleaned.bkliArbitrary----thereisnointrinsic(logic)connectionbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.Vocal--------theprimarymediu
4、mforalllanguagesissound,nomatterhowwelldevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.Writingsystemscameintobeingmuchlaterthanthespokenforms.Peoplewithlittleornoliteracycanalsobecompetentlanguageusers.Symbols----wordsarejustthesymbolsassociatedwithobjects,actions,andideasbyconvention.Human----languageishuman-sp
5、ecific.Humanbeingshavedifferentkindsofbrainsandvocalcapacity.“LanguageAcquisitionDevice”(LAD)(×)(×)Thedivinetheory---Godcreatedlanguageforhumanbeings.Thebow-wowtheory---Languagedevelopedfromtheimitationofthecallsofanimals.Thepooh-poohtheory---Languagedevelopedfrominstinctivesoundsofpain,angerandj
6、oyofhumanbeings.The"yo-he-ho"theory---Languagedevelopedfromrhythmicgruntsofpeoplewhentheyworkedtogether.OriginoflanguagePropertiesofLanguage-DesignfeaturesArbitrarinessThearbitrarypropertyoflanguagemeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweensoundsandmeanings(formandmeaning).中文英語日語法語機(jī)．テ—ブルtabletabl
7、e桌子ArbitrarinessArbitraryrelationshipbetweenthesoundofamorphemeanditsmeaningArbitrarinessatthesyntacticlevelThesentenceislessarbitrarythanwords.Correspondencebetweenwordorderandnaturalevent.ArbitrarinessandconventionWh
