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1、嵌入式系統(tǒng)概論.Whatisthis?TheVonNeumannArchitecture.WhatisEmbedded?.什么是嵌入式系統(tǒng)?計算機,假裝自己不是計算機……(StephenA.Edwards).為什么要嵌入?為何計算機要嵌入?基本架構仍然相同.什么是嵌入式系統(tǒng)?嵌入式系統(tǒng)硬件之主要組成嵌入式系統(tǒng)之硬件組成基本組件:微處理機(Microprocessor)/微控制器(Microcontroller)內(nèi)存(Memory)特殊用途之集成電路芯片(ASIC)輸入與輸出(Input/Output,I/O)接口與輸入
2、與輸出裝置以ARM平臺之嵌入式系統(tǒng)為例.DefinitionEmbeddedSystems的定義無論是學界或者業(yè)界,都有相當多種說法,應用的范疇更是遠超出一般人的想象根據(jù)英國電機工程師協(xié)會的定義:嵌入式系統(tǒng)為控制、監(jiān)視或輔助設備、機器或甚至工廠運作的裝置它具備了下列的特性:設計的目的,在于執(zhí)行特定的功能以微電腦與周邊構成核心嚴格的時序與穩(wěn)定度要求全自動操作循環(huán)嵌入式系統(tǒng)為一種計算機軟件與硬件的綜合體,特別強調(diào)「量身定做」的原則,基于某一種特殊用途上,針對這項用途開發(fā)出截然不同的系統(tǒng),是所謂的客制化(Customized
3、)系統(tǒng)。.DefinitionAnembeddedsystemisaspecial-purposesysteminwhichthecomputeriscompletelyencapsulatedbythedeviceitcontrolsAnembeddedsystemperformspre-definedtasks,usuallywithveryspecificrequirementsEmbeddedsystem:anydevicethatincludesaprogrammablecomputerbutisnotits
4、elfageneral-purposecomputerWithOS(usemicroprocessors)WithoutOS(usemicrocontrollers)Takeadvantageofapplicationcharacteristicstooptimizethedesign:Donotneedallthegeneral-purposebellsandwhistles.計算機的演進yearlog(peoplepercomputer)Streaminginformationto/fromphysicalworl
5、dMainframeMinicomputerWorkstationPCLaptopPDA.Application辦公設備、建筑物設備、制造和流程控制、醫(yī)療、監(jiān)視、維生設備、交通運輸、通訊業(yè)、銀行金融業(yè)、測試及診斷系統(tǒng)、其他…Embeddedsystemsineverything.應用范例LEGO機器人32-bitARM7microprocessor256KbytesFLASH,64KbytesRAMBluetoothwirelesscommunicationusingNXTsoftwareonly.USB2.0port
6、4inputports,6wiredigitalplatform3outputports,6wiredigitalplatform100x64pixelLCDgraphicaldisplaySoundchannelwith8-bitresolutionStoresmultipleprogramsTheLEGOMindstorms?isaroboticbuildingsystemconsistingofTheNXTIntelligentBrick:thebrainofthesystemSensorsandservomot
7、orsLEGOTECHNICElementsProgrammingsoftware.應用范例介紹二iPhone?WentonsaleinJune2007OneSamsungARM1176applicationprocessorcoreMemorycapacity:8–16GBDisplay:3.5inchwidescreenmulti-touchOperatingsystem:MACOSXGSM:Quad-bandWirelessdata:WiFi,EDGE,BluetoothCamera:2MegapixelAudi
8、oandvideoplaybackTalktime:8hrsStandbytime:250hrs.應用范例介紹三WiiCPU–IBM“Broadway”Runsat729MHzSimilartothechipfoundintheGameCube,butalmosttwiceasfastATI“Hollywood”processor