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1、談橋梁工程中預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)應(yīng)用 摘要:近年來,隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,各種建筑結(jié)構(gòu)不斷的涌現(xiàn)而出,為人們生活的快速合理發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)在當(dāng)前建筑工程中受到廣泛的關(guān)注,橋梁工程作為當(dāng)前施工的主要形式,對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不斷的提高。預(yù)應(yīng)力張拉施工工藝相對(duì)較復(fù)雜,其中存在著對(duì)各種方案設(shè)計(jì)認(rèn)識(shí)中存在著問題和缺陷,再加之在方案設(shè)計(jì)的過程中設(shè)計(jì)的不夠完善和合理,導(dǎo)致在橋梁施工過程中出現(xiàn)各施工缺陷和施工隱患,其中常見的施工缺陷形式有空心板梁張拉后梁端項(xiàng)底板中間部位出現(xiàn)縱向裂縫、工字梁梁體扭曲變形、梁端底部混凝土破碎等,這些缺陷和隱患是造成橋梁施工質(zhì)量和
2、施工效益的主要因素,更有甚者會(huì)造成人們生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。本文就簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)在橋梁施工中的應(yīng)用,以及常見問題進(jìn)行分析。關(guān)鍵詞:橋梁;公路橋梁施工;預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù);應(yīng)用Abstract:inrecentyears,alongwiththeeconomicdevelopmentofChina’ssocialistmodernization,theemergenceofallkindsofbuildingstructure,whichlaidafoundationforrapidandreasonabledevelopmentofpeople’slife.Prestre
3、ssedtechnologywidelyattentioninthe5currentconstructionengineering,bridgeengineeringasthemainformofthecurrentconstructionandapplicationofprestressedtechnologycontinuouslyimprove.Prestressedtensioningconstructiontechnologyisrelativelycomplicated,thereareproblemsintheunderstandingofvar
4、iousdesignanddefects,plusintheschemedesignintheprocessofdesignisnotperfectandreasonable,causeintheprocessofbridgeconstruction.Theconstructiondefectsandhiddendangerofconstruction,constructiondefectsamongthecommonformsareslabswastensioneditembottomlongitudinalcrackwhichappearonthemidd
5、leofbackrestend,hLiangLiangbody,suchasdeformation,atthebottomofthebeamendconcretecrushingthesedefectsandhiddentroublearethemainfactorsofbridgeconstructionqualityandconstructionefficiency,moreovercancausepeoplelifeandpropertylosses.Inthispaper,thesimpleapplicationofprestressedtechniq
6、ueinbridgeconstruction,aswellasthecommonproblemswereanalyzed.5Keywords:Bridges;Highwaybridgeconstruction;Theprestressedtechnology;application中圖分類號(hào):K928.78文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):2095-2104(2013)一、概述橋梁施工中,因預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)具有自重輕、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、便于安裝、節(jié)省材料、可靠安全、減小混凝土梁的主拉應(yīng)力和豎向剪力等優(yōu)點(diǎn),而廣泛應(yīng)用于我國(guó)公路橋梁建設(shè)當(dāng)中。我國(guó)對(duì)于預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)的研究雖然起步較晚,但依然得
7、到了快速的發(fā)展,至今已經(jīng)形成一套較為完備的系統(tǒng)。預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)在橋梁工程中的應(yīng)用是通過預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)在混凝土工程中的應(yīng)用體現(xiàn)的,構(gòu)建預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件,以此使混凝土構(gòu)件產(chǎn)生的預(yù)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)用以減小或抵消外荷載所引起的拉應(yīng)力,即借助于混凝土較高的抗壓強(qiáng)度來彌補(bǔ)其抗拉強(qiáng)度的不足,達(dá)到推遲受拉區(qū)混凝土開裂的目的。但就相關(guān)資料顯示,在預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)的應(yīng)用中依然存在著一些諸如橋梁裂縫等問題,這應(yīng)當(dāng)引起人們的重視,強(qiáng)化施工質(zhì)量控制,從而使預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)具有更為廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。二、預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)5在橋梁工程中,普通鋼筋混凝土的抗拉極限只有0.0001~0.0015,由于構(gòu)件剛度小、撓度大,受拉
8、區(qū)混凝土極易開裂。要使混凝土不開裂,受