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1、CohesioninEnglishThevariouskindsofcohesionhadbeenoutlinedbyMAKHallidayinhiswritingsonstylisticsandtheconceptwasdevelopedbyRuqayiaHasaninherUniversityofEdinburghdoctoralthesis.Cohesiverelationsarerelationsbetweentwoormoreelementsinatextthatareindependentofthestructure:forex
2、amplebetweenapersonalpronounandanantecedentpropername,suchasJohn….he.Asemanticrelationofthiskindmaybesetupeitherwithinasentencewiththeconsequencethatwhenitcrossesasentenceboundaryithastheeffectofmakingthetwosentencescoherewithoneanother.Themajorfunctionofcohesionistextform
3、ation.Asdefined:textisaunifiedwholeoflinguisticitems,thisunityoftextasasemanticwholeissourcefortheconceptofcohesion.Sofirstwewillexploretheconceptoftext.TextTextinlinguisticsreferstoanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatformsaunifiedwhole.Areadercaneasilyidentify
4、whetherthepassageheisreadingisatextorotherwiseacollectionofunrelatedsentences.Atextmaybe:spoken,written,prose,verse,dialogue,monologue,singleproverb,asinglecryforhelporanall-daydiscussiononacommittee.Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse.Agrammaticalunitthatislargerthanasentence.Ate
5、xtisnotsomethingthatislikeasentenceonlybiggerorlarger.Itismisleading.Rathertextcanbebestdefinedasasemanticunit;aunitnotofformbutofmeaning.Asitisasemanticunit,wewillnotexpecttofinditinstructureofasentenceasagrammaticalunitasphrase,clauseetc.Soatextdoesnotconsistofsentencesb
6、utitisrealizedbyorencodedinsentences.Therearecertainobjectivefactorsinvolvedthatconstituteatext.ConstituentsofText1.Texture:2.Ties:3.Cohesion1.Texture:Textureisthatfeatureoftextwhichmadeitaunifiedwhole.AccordingtoTheConciseOxfordDictionaryofLinguisticsbyP.H.Mathewscohesion
7、andcoherencearesourceswhichcreatetexture.Crystaladds‘informativeness’tocohesionandcoherence.Example:Washandcoresixcookingapples.Putthemintoafireproofdish.Herethemrefersbackto(isanaphoricto)sixcookingapplestocreatecohesionbetweenthetwosentences.Herewemakeapresuppositionabou
8、ttherelationshipbetweenthemandsixcookingapplesbutitisnotenoughonlytomakeapresuppositionra
