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1、"Itisuniversallyadmittedthattheunicornisasupernaturalbeingofgoodomen;suchisdeclaredinalltheodes,annals,biographiesofillustriousmenandothertextswhoseauthorityisunquestionable.Evenchildrenandvillagewomenknowthattheunicornconstitutesafavorablepresage.Butthisanimaldoe
2、snotfigureamongthedomesticbeasts,itisnotalwayseasytofind,itdoesnotlenditselftoclassification.Itisnotlikethehorseorthebull,thewolforthedeer.Insuchconditions,wecouldbefacetofacewithaunicornandnotknowforcertainwhatitwas.Weknowthatsuchandsuchananimalwithhornsisabull.B
3、utwedonotknowwhattheunicornislike."麟之為靈，昭昭也。詠於詩，書於春秋，雜出於傳記百家之書。雖婦人小子，皆知其為祥也。然麟之為物，不畜於家，不恆有於天下。其為形也不類，非若馬牛犬豕豺狼麋鹿然。然則，雖有麟，不可知其為麟也。角者吾知其為牛也，鬣者吾知其為馬。犬、豕、豺、狼、麋、鹿，吾知其為犬、豕、豺、狼、麋、鹿。為麟也不可知，不可知?jiǎng)t其謂之不祥也亦宜。雖然，麟之出，必有聖人在乎位，麟為聖人出也。聖人者，必之麟，麟之果不為不祥也。又曰：麟之所以為麟者，以德不以形。若麟之出不待聖人則謂之不祥也亦
4、宜。[1]古之學(xué)者必有師。師者，所以傳道、授業(yè)、解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能無惑？惑而不從師，其為惑也，終不解矣。Ancientscholarscertainlyhadteachers.Ateacherisonewhopassesonthetruth,impartsknowledgeandsolvespuzzles.AsManisnotbornwithknowledge.,whocandenythathehaspuzzles?Thesewouldremainunsolved,shouldonerefusetobeinstr
5、uctedbyteachers.Inancienttimesthosewhowantedtolearnwouldseekoutateacher，onewhocouldpropagatethedoctrine，impartprofessionalknowledge，andresolvedoubts.Sincenooneisbornomniscient，whocanclaimtohavenodoubts？Ifonehasdoubtsandisnotwillingtolearnfromateacher，hisdoubtswill
6、neverberesolved.子曰：“不患人之不已知，患不知人也?！盩heMastersaid,“Iwillnotbeafflictedatmen’snotknowingme;IwillbeafflictedthatIdonotknowmen.”(translatedbyJamesLegge)TheMastersaid,(thegoodman)doesnotgrievethatotherpeopledonotrecognizehismerits.Hisonlyanxietyislestheshouldfailtoreco
7、gnizetheirs.(translatedbyArthurWaley)Hesaid,Notworriedthatmendonotknowme,butthatIdonotunderstandmen.(translatedbyEzraPound)子曰：“由！誨汝知之乎！知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。”TheMastersaid,“Yu,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,
8、toallowthatyoudonotknowit;---thisisknowledge.(translatedbyJamesLegge)ConfuciussaidtoTzu-lu,“ShallIteachyou,whatisunderstanding?Tobeawareofwhatyouknowand
