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3年高考2年模擬1年原創(chuàng)精品系列專題28任務型閱讀（江蘇）【2019年高考命題預測】預測一選材新穎，貼近考生生活。任務型閱讀選用的都是考生所熟知的一些話題，2019年高考任務型閱讀也一定會選用考生所熟悉并感興趣的話題，如健康、交友、名勝古跡、校園生活等。當然，考生在平時訓練中也要兼顧一些社會熱點問題等。預測二難度將有所降低。由2008、2009兩年江蘇卷的任務型閱讀看，其難度較大。而2019年江蘇卷的任務型有所下降。為了體現(xiàn)高考應具有的效度，預測2019年任務型閱讀的難度于2019年相當。預測三體裁還會以說明文為主兼顧議論文，文章長度穩(wěn)定。2008、2009、2019三年的任務型閱讀都是說明文和議論文相結合的體裁。這類體裁的文章結構一般都比較明晰。平常練習中考生要特別注重對這類體裁的訓練，同時也要兼顧其他各種體裁的文章，如議論文、記敘文等。從文章長度上看，2008年是420多個詞，2009年是500多個詞，2019年是500多個詞。。由此預測，2019年的任務型閱讀的詞數(shù)應該保持在500詞左右。【考點定位】2019考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布任務型閱讀是江蘇省在2008年開始采用的一種新的閱讀理解考查形式。詞匯要求提升至3000個左右。兩省的任務型閱讀的題型結構為一篇300詞左右的短文和表格，要求考生對文中的有效信息實行篩選、整合和綜合概括，然后準確、有序地完成表格的空缺（根據(jù)說明，一空只填一詞）。這不但要求考生有較好的語篇理解水平，同時還必須具有獲取有效信息、把握文章整體結構的水平。而且在填寫過程中，考生還必須具備較扎實的詞法和句法知識，因為所填寫的單詞不但要準確表達意思，還必須在詞性和詞形上與上下文的句子結構保持一致或匹配。根據(jù)圖表的表現(xiàn)形式分為：1．組織結構式；2．網(wǎng)絡式；3．射線式。任務型閱讀的出現(xiàn)不但有利于考查學生把握文章的篇章結構、綜合處理信息的水平，體現(xiàn)出了新課改增加客觀表達題的努力，同時對英語教學和高考復習提出了極高的要求。【考點pk】名師考點透析因為任務型閱讀是新生事物”學生普遍感覺很難。首先要了解表格的設置，據(jù)考試說明

1中的范例，表格一般是文章的整體行文結構，包括標題、段落大意、文章細節(jié)、結論等部分。其次要領悟空缺的類型，如：1?篩選類：通過定位題目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般為原詞。2?整合類：要對文章的原句實行加工，根據(jù)句型結構變化和語法要求提煉出新詞，女口：Therearemainlytwotypesofsources?Therearetwotypesofsources,(main)Thepersonpresentingtheprogramisverypassionate,Theisverypassionate,(presenter)3.概括類：根據(jù)說明，要能概括出文章的標題、段落大意、文章的目的、結論等，要求較高。同學們在填空時務必要仔細，注意單詞大小寫、單復數(shù)、詞性等。綁題規(guī)律跟思路第一步：讀懂短文主要意恩了解文章大意是解題的第一環(huán)，也是關鍵的一步。只有讀懂了文章，才^順利地在表格中填岀相關的信臥值得注盍的是如果表格前提供了小標題，要特別注意馮'標題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句°讀懂了標題有助于理解短文和表格的大意和結構。第二步：理清短文主體結構了解短文的寫作思路和線索結構，有助于加深對篇章內容的理解，同時短文的結構往往也是很重要的命題線索表格項目基本上就懸艮據(jù)篇章結構而設計的。第三步：分析完表格后細讀文章，確定答案。仔細閱讀文章，尋找相關(言息及關鍵詞。學會推理判斷，力爭返回原尤找出文章哪一部分與題目相關，抓住關鍵詞語，以此為線索，在文中找出詞、句、句群來満足問題要求。1)掌握歸納技巧。有時表格中(尤其最上欄、最左欄)需要學生概括相對應欄內的內容，這就要求學生學會使用一些概括性詞語。常用歸納概括性詞匯有：aims,purposes,reasons,causes,results,effects,advice,suggestions,opinions,topics,background,introduction,advantages,disadvantages,attitudes,features,phenomena(phenomenon),tips,characteristics(character),personality,data,name,sex,conclusion等。有時不但需要記清楚這些概括性詞匯，還要熟練掌握該詞匯的常用搭配，以便迅速鎖定最佳詞語。如比較anintroductionofsomething,instructionsforsomething,measurestosomething和knowledgeaboutsomething后,考生們能夠根據(jù)不同的介詞的使用，快速辨清到底應使用這幾個相近名詞中的哪一個。2）巧妙使用轉換。有時原文中的詞匯不能直接用來填入空格，要求學生用相對應詞組替

2代轉換。這就需要考生們平時多積累英語詞匯，學會用英語解釋英語，多查英英詞典，巧用同義詞、反義詞、前綴、后綴、常用句型、詞語搭配等。4．檢查答案。主要檢查字數(shù)是否符合要求，所填內容與原文意思是否保持通順一致，句意是否連貫，是否符合語法規(guī)則等?？倎碚f之，只要考生注意平時多做任務型閱讀的題目，多總結各種表格的特點，注意常用詞匯的積累，做題時細心并適時隨機應變，完全能夠游刃有余地應對任務型閱讀這種新題型?！救旮呖肌?4、15、16高考試題及其解析2019年高考試題2019江蘇卷請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個．．最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。AnextensionofthehumanbrainOtherpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies（欠缺）,muchasawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact,otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI'vecalleda“socialprosthetic（義肢的）system”.Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face,andit'scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It'salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgement.Regardingmemory：OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon'tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenI'mwriting;I'mnolongercomfortablewritingifI'mnotconnectedtotheInternet.It'sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite,takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed,Wikipedia,orotherwebsites.Regardingjudgement：TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample,whenI'mwritingatextbook,ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“neWdea”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelse

3hasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar—andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover,IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsineervebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarriveforalunchmeeting).Butthat'stheupside(好處).ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.AnextensionofthehumanbrainAprostheticnature?The71.canhelpmakeupforourmentalandemotionaldeficienciesasawoodenlegcancompensateforabodilydeficiency.?It72.inourdailyevents,extendingourintelligenee,comprehendingourfeelings,andexpandingtherangeofsocialactivities.Wonderfulaspectsmemoryandjudgement?OntheInternet,wecouldquicklyandeasilylocatethedetails,andcheckfacts,without

473.theminmind.?TheInternetmakesussmarterover74.kindsofthings.ltprovidesadozendefinitionsofakeytermforustofindthe75.ofthematter.?TheInternetenablesustoexchangeideaswithmanyothersto76.ourclaims,andto77.ouractions.The78.sidesofsmartphones?Smartphonesmakeiteasierandmore79.tocheckreality,watchvideoclips,readweibo.?Smartphones80.thepossibilityfornewandinsightfulminds,andstealawayourdeadtime.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要探討了科技對人類生活的影響。假肢補充了人類身體的缺陷；因特網(wǎng)在存儲記憶和判斷事物方面有強大的功能；智能手機協(xié)助人們更方便、快捷地了解時事，不過它也給人們的生活帶來了一些不好的影響。71.1nternet根據(jù)第一段中的"It'salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.”可知，網(wǎng)絡能補充我們心理和情感上的缺失，故填Internet。72.participates/joins根據(jù)第一段的"Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatrvecalleda‘socialprosthetic（義肢的）system'.”中的participating可知答案。73.keeping根據(jù)第二段中的"…OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon'tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformation

5againandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.”中的keep可知其構成短語keep…inmind"記住”，介詞without后跟v.-ing形式，故可知答案填keeping。72.all/different/various根據(jù)第三段中的"…TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.”可知，網(wǎng)絡使我們在很多方面更聰明，故知答案。73.heart/core根據(jù)第三段中的"…ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.”中的core可知答案。74.check根據(jù)第三段中的"Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea‘newidea',Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar…”可知，網(wǎng)絡能使我們相互交換意見從而核實我們的想法，故知答案。75.judge根據(jù)第三段中的"…IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.”可知，我們能夠根據(jù)其他人的想法來判斷我們的行為，故知答案。76.niied/tw根據(jù)最后兩段可知，智能手機能幫助人們方便、快捷地了解時事，但也給人們的生活芾耒消極戢響。所以這里講了智能手機的兩個方面」故知答案。77.convenient根據(jù)第四段中的nowregularlypulloutmyplaonetocheckafact,uratchavideo,readweibo.Suchactivitiesfill*tliespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsonebodytoarriveforalunchneeting)."可知：手機給我們帯來了便捷；■故知答案心78.reduce根將最后一段中的Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherhetwen.可知機會越耒越少，這說明智能手機減少了人們思索嘆及獲得竜外領悟的可能?性，故知答案。2019年高考試題2019江蘇卷最恰當?shù)膯卧~。請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.Oneisrelatedtowhat

6againandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.”中的keep可知其構成短語keep…inmind"記FreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.

7Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,scienee,education,andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threavalue"It.isreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardsthedreamworld.Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual'stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread??Peopleexpecttoget71.fromDivisionofreadingnews.newsstor-ies?Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.

8?Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon't.72.ofthetwoclasses?Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual73.?Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand74.similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.?Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta75.tothem.?Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto76.fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto77.fromthereality.Unstableboundariesofthetwoclasses?Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir78.?Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand79.themselvestothereality.?Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,80.onthereader.

9【文章大意】本文主要介紹人們喜歡閱讀什么樣的新聞故事，同時給新聞故事曲亍了分類，即即時資訊和延遲資訊，并解釋了分類的理由。71,rewards/revaided根據(jù)第——句ifPeopleselectnewsineipectationofareward,"中的名^reward可知人們期望從竊聞中即刻獲得資訊』故填名詞rewards,或者使用動詞^礙d的過去分丸作get的表語°72.Explanations第三、四段是對兩種新聞類型的解釋。故填Explanations。73.involvement根據(jù)第三段的“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperieneewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”中的過去分詞involved可知此處應填動詞involve的名詞形式。74.share根據(jù)第三段的"Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.”中的shakehisheadsympathetically，laughunderstandingly等可推知讀者會產(chǎn)生感情共鳴，即分享類似的情感。75.threat根據(jù)第四段的“Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation.themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing.andcancer.”中的threatening轉化成名詞threat可知答案。76.prepare根據(jù)第四段的“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”中的prepared轉化為動詞prepare可知答案。77.withdraw根據(jù)第四段的“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardsthedreamworld.”中的withdraw可知答案。78.profession(s)/intention根據(jù)第五段第二、三、四句所舉事例可推斷答案。79.adapt根據(jù)第五段的“Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperienee,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.”可推斷答案。80.depends根據(jù)第五段最后一句話“Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual'stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindof

10readingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.”可推斷答案。2019年高考試題2019江蘇卷請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。Theexpression,“everybody'sdoingit，”isverymuchatthecentreoftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct（天性）iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswer“finew”henastrangerasks“howareyou？”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis：ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction;inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehaviour.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan'taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses．”However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.

11Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly,itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinflueneeofpositivepeergroups.Wbat(sp?rpretaure?PeerpfmiuTcrefersK>mung7LConceptofpeerpressureA71functionofpeerpressuretosocietythatyounumdothingstbewayocherpeopleofyouragtdo.*Itworksinnewlyeveryoneof晦and72*ufiLnonewayoranctber,goodorbad,?BeingsocialcmturEN,peopleexpecttheapprovalFromtheirGbUdwmembers.?Peoplearoundwillaffecthemonelives?Peerpresiurehelpqsocietyfunctionefficiently.?Nesadveinfluentincludelackof76.sense,crirnirnJofferKes.andowr-wnsuTnpCiua?Positiveinfluencesaregoodgrades,team77.?andthebuilding-upofgood?lbavoidthedvigcrofnegativepeerprctwre,kidbshouldlearntobo79,whennectsEHEyTudsay80.toanythingthatiswitrngorillegal.?Ibcdesiretobesociallyacceptedbycne^speersislikeadwg.InflDence$ofpeerpretsureon75,71-feeling考查同義替換。由文竟首句的"Theexpression-"isvezymuchatthecentreof—ff可知『侗齡壓力”的核心是"每個人都在像它"。設空處罡對卩噸pressure的解絹「侗齡壓力指強烈的,RP：你必須按照和你一樣年齡的人的行対的方式去做事。"由must可知語氣強烈，表達一種強烈的情感，故填filing.72.influences考查原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)首段第二句中"Itisastronginflueneeofagroup…”可知同齡壓力是對一個群體的影響，此處需填寫動詞，和題干中的works一起構成并列謂語，即influences。73.practical考查原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中"Thereisapracticalaspecttothis…”可知此處用practical。

1273.unconsciously考查同義替換。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Thisinstinct（天性）iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.”可知在生活中，周圍的人都會不知不覺地相互影響，故用unconsciously。74.individuals考查原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第三段的首句"Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportant…”可知這里在講同齡壓力對個人的影響。75.moral考查同義替換。根據(jù)第三段的"…theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.”可知他們不能區(qū)分對錯，換句話說就是缺乏道德感。76.spirit考查歸納總結水平。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句可知，積極的影響還包括團隊精神。77.habits考查原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第四段第四句“Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.”可知此處用復數(shù)形式habits。78.independent考查同義替換。根據(jù)最后一段第二句中的“Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves…”可知此處表示要獨立，即independent。79.no考查同義替換。根據(jù)最后一段第二句中的"…encouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.”可知此處意為“拒絕”，即sayno。2019年高考試題任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相對應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。QuietVirtue：TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness（認真盡責）—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous（一絲不茍的）inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'thseconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization：thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthe

13socialacceptanceissoimportant…”可知這里在講同齡壓力對個人的影響。largestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer（緩沖）againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'csonstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.

14Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers'valuationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformaneewouldpredict.Butconscientiousnessintheabseneeofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards,andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon'showthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized,whichdamagedtheirrelationships.Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations,itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising,opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自發(fā)性)arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalanee,however;withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough,peoplebecomemeredreamers,withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.QuietVirtue:PipCnn^cifiniicuspeopleare(71)_4Featuro^iofcon^cientidushers8r皈炯ilRuwpoap>c叭very(72)_AtoQlhers.ConrscIentrousnsskeepsanorganizationfTiiAsmoothl：y.(73)AcortErf：is-nt8磁lemiioMemploye竝懇atthelowurleuelsdutstandmg<75>k.ThenioslconscieritioususualF>havetheInf住cstvclurneDf聞怙呂areteaslik?lybet76；A.Employors'evaluationsthoworkotc^nscienticuspeoplocanbeA.PossitMe(77|丄wittlconscientiousnesspeoplewithouttociolskillsttndtohaveArelflhonshrpswithIlieiffellowworkers.CorreclentkJEJsnesscanCSO}Acreativity,especiallyInprofessionscdllin^larimdgination.

15【文童大意】本文是議論文，播述的罡“認真盡責逖種美德的特征、在人們的生活和工作等方面發(fā)揮的重大作用和可能由這種美德所引起的問題。文童難度適中，但是所需要的詞匯有5道題在原文中不能找到，需蘿學生歸納總結信息，所查有一走的難度◎71.【答案】strict【解析】從第一段第一句可知認真盡責的人準時、工作認真、自律性強、處理問題一絲不茍，所查說他們對自己要求嚴格。【考點定位】考查信息歸納水平。72.【答案】helpful/good【解析】從第一段第二句可知認真盡責的人樂于助人?！究键c定位】考查信息歸納水平。73.【答案】Functions/Roles/Importanee/Significanee【解析】從第二段第一句“ConscientiousnesSsakeytosuccessinanyfield.可知認真盡責有很大的作用和意義。【考點定位】考查信息歸納水平。74.【答案】running/working/going/operating/functioning【解析】第二段表明工作的各個環(huán)節(jié)的順利實行都離不開認真盡責的態(tài)度?！究键c定位】考查信息歸納水平。75.【答案】performance(s)【解析】原文可查找到“outstandingperformanee”。【考點定位】考查原文單詞查找。76.【答案】fired/dismissed/jobless【解析】原文用“againsthethreatofjobloss”【考點定位】考查同義詞。77.【答案】problems/troubles【解析】第三段第一句中給出答案“--leadtoproblems”?！究键c定位】考查原文單詞查找。78.【答案】higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced［解析］第四段，履文用"givingthemhighervaluationsthanobjectivemeasures■—”.

16【考點定位】考查原文單詞查找。71.【答案】tense/damaged/poor/bad【解析】第五段最后一句用“whichdamagedtheirrelationships【考點定位】考查原文單詞查找。72.【答案】discourage/affect/damage【解析】最后一段第一句用“itcandiscouragecreativity”.【考點定位】考查原文單詞查找。2019年高考試題2019江蘇卷請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個．．最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞?！癏appinessAdvantage”EffectInJuly2019Burt'sBees,apersonal-careproductscompany,wasgoingthroughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.Inthiskindofhigh-pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheirin-boxeswithurgentdemands.Indoingso,managerslifteveryone'sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocessesthreatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex（大腦皮層）,whichisresponsibleforeffectiveproblemsolving.Burt'sBees'sthen-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he'dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He'dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany'svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-hoursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberoftheseniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang'semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.Thatoutcomeshouldn'tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set（思維模式）,performanceonnearlyeverylevel—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhapsthemostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethatsuccesscomesbeforehappiness.“OnceIgetapromotion,I'llbehappy，”theythink.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,I'llfeelgreat.B”utbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround：Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-setperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happinessadvantage”e—verybusinessoutcomeshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive.I'veobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherandlecturerin48countriesontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI'mnot

17alone:Inananalysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevideneeofcausesnd-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.Tobesure,bothfactorshaveanimpact.Butone'sgeneralsenseofwell-beingissurprisinglyunstable.Thehabitsyouform,thewayyouinteractwithcolleagues,howyouthinkaboutstress—allthesecanbemanagedtoincreaseyourhappinessandyourchancesofsuccess.“H曲ppinr站EffectAusu&lapproachtomajnagenwntLeaderstendto71.their--———一?toooften.Suchamanagenientstylemayresultingreatfir72.andlessproductivityintheassistantsnAdifferentapproachtornanagementJohnWolfgangwas73.ofhisass-Themanagei陽remained74.totheCompHiiy^Positiveleadershipcouldmakeabig75,toentployMa*peribnnance.Researchfindings：PeopleperformbelterwhenthinkingW一Happiness\sperhapsthemostmi^un-d亡憎toot!dri￥trofperfomaance.Asamatteroffact,your77*wonTtkeepyourhappinesslong.The'"happinessadvantage1*effectis78.provedbyresearchfindings.Itisalsomisunderstoodthatbowhappyweareis79.byourgenetics,etivi-忙nmttit曲4apotnbinatiobofthrtwo.Alotoffactorsluveanimpactonhowhappypeopleareandwhetherthereare執(zhí)Xofbeingsuccessful【文章大意】最近一項研究表明，一個人的幸福感可育繪決走是否能夠成功。所以在企業(yè)中，若經(jīng)理保持著樂觀的管理態(tài)度」體貼員工，這將使員工的幸福感増強，從而更愿意投入到工作中。71tothetaiuiov細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句二：1加i:ndofhteh-ptessures:tuat'on:tnanv>ad?t5bothertheirassistantswith..可知此處用1?芒張：禮迫硏&72,anx:etvconcernv.oirv細節(jié)理解題?根第一段第三句二ndoingso;managetsIfle1!ervonesanxiety上ve：...「可知］此處用anxietvcon：T^i'vcr：ye73.considerate/aware/conscious歸納推理題。根據(jù)第二段可知，JohnWolfgang采取了一種不同的管理方法，即理解、體貼助手，取得了非常好的效果，故可用considerate/aware/conscious。

1874.loyal/faithful/devoted/committed細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"…kepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalasthey…可知此處可用loyal/faithful/devoted/committed。75.difference歸納總結題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“…atsheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone”可知積極的領導關系對員工的表現(xiàn)起著非常大的作用。makeadifference起作“用，有效果”，符合語境。76.positively詞性轉變題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“…whenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set可”知答案。注意此處用positive的副詞形式positively修飾動詞think。77.success/achievements細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“…youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.可”知答案。78.strongly詞性轉變題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“…researcehrsfoundstrongevidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.可”知此處用strong的副詞形式strongly修飾動詞prove。79.determined/decided詞性轉變題。根據(jù)最后一段“…isthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.可”知此處答案。80.chances/possibilities/opportunities歸納推理題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知“你形成的習慣，與同事交流的方式，如何看待壓力等都和是否有可能成功相關系”，故此處表示“可能性/機會”，即chances/possibilities/opportunities?！緝赡昴M】2019、2019名校模擬題及其答案解析2019年模擬題【江蘇省大豐市新豐中學2019屆高三10月月考】任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）Whatiseco-fashion？Eco-fashionisaboutmakingclothesthattakeintoaccounttheenvironment,thehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Itisacomplexphenomenonandthecommonuseofthetermcoverstwoaspectsoffashion—‘ecologicaland'‘ethica．lE'cologicalfashionusuallyreferstotextile（織物）andclothingproductionprocessesandtheenvironmentalissuessurroundingthem；ethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.Whataretheproblemswithfashion？Acloserlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthatarecommonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstly，theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides；sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming；synthetics-making（人造纖維生產(chǎn)）bringsaboutwastewhichdoesharmtoourenvironment.Secondly，everystageofclothing

19productionhasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Theyalluseagreatdealofenergy,andsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.Inadditiontothis,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingconsumptionlevelsandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitieswithoutrealizingthescaleonwhichitaffectsnaturalenvironment,andwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Then,howtosolvetheproblems?Otherindustriesthatdesignproductsareaheadofthefashionindustrywhenitcomestochoosingsustainablematerials,designingforminimumwaste,choosingenergyefficientmanufacturingandcreatingproductsforIongevity.Thefashionindustryhasbeenslowtoadoptthesechangesandpartoftheproblemistheverynatureoffashion.Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint,fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse,throughselectingsustainablematerialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers,torecycleandminimizewaste.Ontheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.Thereissomeconcernthatecofriendlyfashionsarejustatrendthatwewilleventuallygrowtiredofbutwecanmakesurethatdoesn'thappen.Nowmanypeoplearebeginningtoshopfororganicfoodproductsbecausethebenefitsofeatingfoodfreeofchemicalsarestraightforwardandimmediate.Theyrelatedirectlytoourpersonalhealth.Infact,choosingeco-fashioncanalsocontributetoourpersonalhealth,thoughitismostlydonebywayofkeepingthehealthoftheplanet.Whychooseeco-fashion?71offashionEcologicalTextile&clothingproductionprocesses;Issuesrelatedto72EthicalWorking73involvedProblemswithTextile74Cotton-planting:useofpesticides;Sheep-arming&wool-cleaning:globalwarming;Synthetics-making:75waste

20fashionClothingproductionProducingalotofwaste;Usingharmfulchemicals;76agreatdealofenergyConsumptionlevels&shoppinghabitsNewclothes:boughtinincreasingquantitiesOldclothes:77awayquickly78toFashionproducersWaystorecycleand79waste:Switchingtogreenenergy;Reducingenergyuse;Selectingsustainablematerials;Choosinglocalsuppliersproblems80SelectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingReducingclothingconsumptionChoosingeco-fashioncancontributetoourpersonalhealth.【答案】71.Aspects72.environment73.conditions74.production75.harmful76.Consuming/using77.thrown78.Solutions79.minimize80.Consumers

21【解析】71.Aspects根1?第—段iS至UIt.=aph：:ioxjao:iand樂commonuseofthetermcaverstv.oaspectsoffashion—&0：底乂aTand'rth；加「這是個復雜的現(xiàn)象，有兩個兩個方面生態(tài)和道德?72.^mironment根據(jù)第—段JSSU三ic上芥荒faiitoa□印血?y常殳芒=Lextile（織物）andclothingproductionptoceiiesandih?envirenmenta^:isuessurrouaduK加:i;生態(tài)時尚指織物，衣服和環(huán)保有關系?73.conditions根據(jù)第一段提至Uethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.道德時尚指的是與工作環(huán)境相關；74.production根據(jù)第二段提至UFirstly，theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.衣服的生產(chǎn)嚴重污染環(huán)境。75.harmful根據(jù)第二段提至UCotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming;synthetics-making（人造纖維生產(chǎn)）bringsaboutwastewhichdoesharmtoourenvironment.人造纖維的生產(chǎn)會生產(chǎn)對環(huán)境有害的廢物；76.Consuming/using根據(jù)第二段提至UTheyalluseagreatdealofenergy,andsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.衣物的生產(chǎn)消耗大量的能源，涉及到有害化學品；77.thrown根據(jù)第二段提至Uwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.我們會扔掉舊的衣服；78.Solutions根據(jù)第三段提到如何解決定一問題，故用solutions.79.minimize根據(jù)第三段提至UOtherindustriesthatdesignproductsareaheadofthefashionindustrywhenitcomestochoosingsustainablematerials,designingforminimumwaste,choosingenergyefficientmanufacturingandcreatingproductsforIongevity.設計一些時尚的衣服，選擇合適的面料，最小的浪費，有效的實行利用。80.Consumers根據(jù)第三段提至UOntheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption另一方面對于消費者來說，選擇環(huán)保的衣服和減少衣服的浪費?？键c：任務型閱讀?！窘K省蘇北四市（徐州、淮安、連云港、宿遷）2019屆高三上學期期中質量】任務型閱讀（共

2210小題；每小題I分，滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在表格中的橫線上填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：TheGREATESTJourneyIhadlunchlastweekwithahigh-rankingbusinesswomanforafortune500company.Iaskedherwhattipsshewouldgivetosomeoneearlyintheircareer.Withouthesitationshejumpedrightintofourkeystoherprofessionalclimb：Knowyourbusiness.Nevergetsatisfactionwithyourindustryoryourposition.Inmostcases,theknowledgeyouholdnowisnotgoodenoughtostandthetestoftime.Thus,youmustkeepworkingtostayontopofwhat'nsewandwhat'csomingdownthepipeline.Thisiswhatreallycounts,especiallyearlyinaprofessionalcareer,asmanyentrylevelassociatesarecontenttobegainfullyemployed.Pickcareerswithcare.Again,earlyinyourcareeritiseasytorunafterthejobthatoffersthemostmoney.Inthecaseofalife-longcareermoneycannotanswerallthings.Ifyouaregoingtobeanentrepreneurthenyou'lplrobablystartwithabudgetofzero.Yet,ifyouhavethediscipline,workingforyourselfcouldbethebestchoiceyou'vevermade.Ifyouaregoingtoworkforacompanyyouhavetodoyourhomework.Ifyoufindacompanythatconsistswithyourvaluesandproducesaproductthatyou100%believein,thenyou'hllaveaneasytimegivingthatorganizationyourall.Bepersonable.Ifeveryonehatestobearoundyouattheoffice,it'tismetocheckyourattitude.We'veallheardatleastoneanecdoteaboutagreatthinkerwithgreatskillswhodrovecoworkerscrazy.Someway,somehowmanyofthebrightestandbestlackthe“peopleskillst”oadvancebeyondanentry-levelposition.Inshort,youmusthavetheinterpersonalinsighttointeractwithinternalandexternalcontacts.Ifnot,youmayfindthatyouareunimportantoncesomeonewithsoft-skillsjoinstheorganization.Why?Peoplehavetobuyyoubeforetheyeverbuytheproductyou'rseelling.Bewillingtomove.ThisiswhereIgotpuzzled.Shesharedhowshelivedinsevenstatesstillworkingforthesameorganization.Muchismadeofmovingintoday'asttemptstoclimbthecorporateladder.Asmoreandmorecompaniesextendtohaveaglobalreach,itiseasytounderstandwhynewopportunitiesbirthinvariouslocations.

23Whateverthepath,outlineinyourheartwhatdestinationyouhopetoreachandthiswillbeakeyindicatorastowhichjourneywillbegreatestforyou.Title:TheGreatestJourneyPassageOutlinesSupportingDetailsInformationaboutabusinesswoman?Sheieldahigh(71)▲inafortune500companv.?Shevorkedforthesameorganization(72)▲thefactthatshelivedinsevenstates.(73)▲onprofessionalclimbKnowyourbusiness?Don'fixeyesonthefinancial(74)▲intheinitialstage.?Bemodestaboutyourperformaneeintheposition,foryouneedtobetteryourknowledgesoasnottolagbehind.Pickcareers(75)▲?Don'funafterwell-payingjobsearlyinyourcareer.?Workinanidealcompanyandyouarewillingtobe(76)▲tothatorganization.Bepersonable?(77)▲drivingcoworkerscrazyforlackofsocialskills.?Tryto(78)▲othersbothinternallyandexternallysothatnoonecanshakeyourfoundationsintheorganization.Bewillingtomove?Asanincreasingnumberofcompanies(79)▲theirbusinessglobally,newopportunitiesariseaccordingly.Conclusion?Withyourdreamingdestination(80)▲inmind,youwillbenavigatedthroughthegreatestjourney.【答案】71.rank/position72.despite73.Tips/Suggestions/Advice74.interest/gain/profit75.carefully76.committed/devoted/dedicated

2471.Avoid/Stop72.contact73.extend/expand/grow74.outlined/kept/borne/born【解析】試題分析：本文講述的是作者通過與一位成功女士的交談，給了關于成功的四條準則°71.rankposition根據(jù)第一段提？“Ihad沁…叱上負bui'iiesswomanfotafoitun^company上周我在吃飯和一個在財■富五百強公司工作的高級職業(yè)的女士一塊吃飯，故填寫rankposxonQ72.despite根JS倒數(shù)第三段Sh&sharedac'/竺乳：豐M：：：vrarkingforthesameorganize：on她分享她曾經(jīng)在七個州居住過』卻為同一個公司工作的經(jīng)歷，故填寫左帝吐巴73.Tips/Suggestions/Advice根據(jù)Iaskedherwhattipsshewouldgivetosomeoneearlyintheircareer.Withouthesitationshejumpedrightintofourkeystoherprofessionalclimb可知給出的四個建議。74.interest/gain/profit根據(jù)第三段提至UAgain,earlyinyourcareeritiseasytorunafterthejobthatoffersthemostmoney.可知在起步階段不要把眼睛盯在錢上即利益上。75.carefully根據(jù)第三段標題Pickcareerswithcare謹慎選擇職業(yè)，故用carefully.76.committed/devoted/dedicated根據(jù)第四段提至UIfyoufindacompanythatconsistswithyourvaluesandproducesaproductthatyou100%believein,thenyou'haveaneasytimegivingthatorganizationyourall.如果你找到理想的公司，你就要全身心地投入，故填committed/devoted/dedicated。77.Avoid/Stop根據(jù)第五段提至UWWveallheardatleastoneanecdoteaboutagreatthinkerwithgreatskillswhodrovecoworkerscrazy.Someway,somehowmanyofthebrightestandbestlackthe“peopleskillstd'advaneebeyondanentry-levelposition.我們都聽說了一個思想家把同事逼瘋的故事。總來說之，不管怎么說，其中很多聰明優(yōu)秀的人才缺乏超越初級職位時的“人際交往技能”，可知用Avoid/Stop。78.contact根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段提至UInshort,youmusthavetheinterpersonalinsighttointeract

25withinternalandexternalcontacts簡來說之，你必須有人際洞察力，看到與內部和外部的聯(lián)系，故用contact79extend芒梵pandgrw根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提^aj工比andn:creco:i:p?tiiesextendtoh茁弋a(chǎn)琴HbHieach;1iseasytounderstandA'.hyn?v/opportunititibir'.j：3:笙工山忠工工址隨看越來越多的公司開始全球的拓展業(yè)務〉所以很容易理解新的機會在各地會就此誕生*S?out^^n?dk?ptborn?born根據(jù)最后一段jSH農(nóng)血冶就：土“么cirkne.nvourheartv,-hatdestinationyouhop?toreachandthisbeak?yindka'crasx3-xc：icurae；-zr^atsstforyou不管件么路徑，在你心目中勾勒出你希望到達的目的地』這將是你偉大旅程中一個關鍵的指明燈.考點：任務型閱讀【江蘇省蘇州中學2019屆高三10月月考】任務型閱讀（10分）閱讀下列短文并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~，每空格1詞（共10個小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）Zebrashavetheirownbugrepellent（馬驅蟲劑）?Ewwbugs!Theyaresoannoying!Wehumansareluckythatwecanapplyrepellentstoavoidnastybites.Butwhat'ananimaltodo?Theyhavenochoicebuttospendtheirdaysshooingthemoffwiththeirtails,uniess,ofcourse,theyarezebras,whoapparentlyhavetheirownautomaticrepellent---theirstripedskin!Scientistshadoriginallythoughtthatthereasonwhytheanimalhaddevelopedtheblackandwhitelineswastohelpprotectitselffrompredators（食肉動物）intheAfricansavannah（大草原）,becausethestripesmakeitdifficulttosingleoutonezebrathatistravelingwithaherd.Whilethatmaybetrue,thetheoryhasneverbeentestedorproven.Nowtheexpertshaveanother---thatthestripeshaveevolvedtorepeltheannoyinghorsefliesthatnotonlyfeedofftheirblood,butalso,transmitdangerousgermsintothebodiesoftheseinnocentanimals.ThestudywasperformedbyateamofSwedishscientists.Oneofthecluesthatgotthemthinkingalongtheselineswasthefactthatdarkerhorsesgotbittenmoreoftenthanlight-coloredorwhiteones.Thefactthatzebrasarebornblackandonlydevelopstripesastheygrowoldermadethescientiststheorizethatthestripesmaybesomethingtheanimalshavedevelopedtomakethemselveslessattractivetoflies.Totestifthismaybethecase,theypaintedsomeboardsatahorse-infested（寄生的）horsefarminBudapestwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesofvaryingwidthsandappliedalayerofglueonthem.Whattheynoticedwasthattheplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripeswereattheirnarrowest(similartowhatzebrashave)attractedthefewestflies.Theyachievedsimilarresultswhentheypaintedhorseswithblackandwhitezebra-likestripes.Whiletheresearcharenotsurewhythismaybethecase,theybelieveitmaybesomethingtodowiththewayin

26sectsoperate---horsefliesareattractedtohorizontallypolarizedlight(偏振光);sincewhitedoesnotreflectit,whitehorsesareluckierthanblackones.Butzebrasseemtobetheluckiestofall.Whentheresearchersmeasuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskins,theyfoundthatitmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.Whilethistheorydoesmakelogicalsense,nobodyis100percentsurethatitisreallytrue,giventhatithasneverbeentestedonarealzebra.Ifitistrue,itdoesraisethequestionofwhyahorse,acloserelativeofthezebrahasfailedtodevelopstripes.TheresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbebecausetherearemorehorsefliesinAfrica,wherezebrasreside,thenanywhereelseintheworld.TitleZebrashavetheirownbugrepellent?ReasonswhyzebrasOriginalbeliefWiththeblackandwhitelines,onezebraisdifficulttosingleoutwhiletravelingwithaherd,thus81itfromitsenemies.developNewtheoryZebras,residinginAfricawheretherearemosthorsefliesinthetheirstripsworldhavedevelopedstripsto82beingattacked.ResearchersAteamofscientistsfrom83Totestifstripsaredevelopedtomakezebraslessattractiveto84flies.*Whiteorlight-coloredhorsesareless85togetbittenthanCluesdarkones.Astudy*Zebrasdevelopstripsastheygrowolderthoughbornblack.*SomeboardsatahorsefarmarepaintedwithpatternsofblackMethodandwhitestripesvariously86,alayerofglueappliedonthem.*Measuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskins.*Theplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripesatthenarrowest87weresimilartothe88zebrashaveattractedthefewestflies.*Stripsofzebrasmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.

27PrincipleofzebrasblackandwhitestripsrepellingthefliesHorizontallypolarizedlight,whichwhitedoesnotreflect,89tohorseflies.Conclusion90testedonrealzebras,thetheoryisn'definitelytrue.【答案】71.protecting72.avoid83.Sweden84.Purpose85.likely86.wide87.Findings88.ones89.appeals90.Unless【解析】試題分析：人類可以利用各種方法抵御蚊蟲的叮咬，那么動物怎么做呢？科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)斑馬的黑白條紋可能是它們用來抵御蚊蟲叮咬的萬法。Sl.proten-ns詞形轉化題：根據(jù)第二段的句子：aadthoughtUiatih?reasonvlivth?animalhadop?dth?blackandv-hieline:vasHhelp:roxpredatorsinthrAfricansavannah,b咒日u證thestripesmake1difficulttosmclsdu:on:ztb:a:hi::*:rav;：：:ic沈aherd可知科學家原來認為斑2長著黑白的條紋是為了保護自己免受敵人的進攻，片乂:改成口“亡壬做伴隨狀語。82.avoid句意理解題：根據(jù)第二段的句子：Nowtheexpertshaveanother---thatthestripeshaveevolvedtorepeltheannoyinghorsefliesthatnotonlyfeedofftheirblood,butalso,transmitdangerousgermsintothebodiesoftheseinnocentanimals.可知科學家現(xiàn)在又發(fā)現(xiàn)斑馬長著黑

2883.Sweden詞形轉化題：根據(jù)第三段的句子：ThestudywasperformedbyateamofSwedishscientists.可知研究人員是來自瑞典的：Sweden。84.Purpose歸納詞：根據(jù)右邊的內容：Totestifstripsaredevelopedtomakezebraslessattractivetoflies.可知這是這項調查的目的：Purpose。85.likely句意理解題：根據(jù)第三段的句子：Oneofthecluesthatgotthemthinkingalongtheselineswasthefactthatdarkerhorsesgotbittenmoreoftenthanlight-coloredorwhiteones.可知白色或淺色的馬比黑色的馬被咬的可能性要小，所以填likely。86.wide詞形轉化題：根據(jù)第五段的句子：Totestifthismaybethecase,theypaintedsomeboardsatahorse-infestedhorsefarminBudapestwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesofvaryingwidthsandappliedalayerofglueonthem.可知科學家在板上畫了不同寬度的黑白條紋。用形容詞做定語wide。87.Findings歸納詞：右邊的內容是這次調查的結果，填Findings。88.ones指代題：根據(jù)第五段的句子：Whattheynoticedwasthattheplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripeswereattheirnarrowest（similartowhatzebrashave）attractedthefewestflies可知這里用ones代替stripes。89.appeals考查詞組：根據(jù)第六段的句子：horsefliesareattractedtohorizontallypolarizedlight（偏振光）;sincewhitedoesnotreflectit,可知attracts改成詞組：appealsto。90.Unless句意理解題：根據(jù)最后一段的句子：Whilethistheorydoesmakelogicalsense,nobodyis100percentsurethatitisreallytrue,giventhatithasneverbeentestedonarealzebra.可知如果不在真的斑馬身上做實驗，這個結果都不一定是真實的，填Unless?！局R拓展】1.wide---width寬度---widely廣泛地；high---height高度---highly高度地；deep---depth深度---deeply深深地；long---length長度。2.belikelytodosth.很可能做某事；Itislikelythat---，很可能做---?？键c：考查任務型閱讀【江蘇省五校聯(lián)考2019屆高三英語第二次英語試題】任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題紙上相對應題號的橫線上。TheInternethasbecomeawayoflifeformanypeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhatwouldhappenifonefinemorning,youwokeuptofindtheInternethasnoexistence?Howwouldyourlifebechanged?Well,yourlifestylemightbeimpacted.IfyouwereanInternetaddict,youwouldfindthatyourlifehascometoanend.Withnoonlinefacilities,aconsiderablepartofyourtimewouldbespentwaitinginlonglinesatbanks,postofficesorgovernmentoffices.You

29wouldbewaitingfordaysorevenweeksforyourmailtoarrivefromanothercorneroftheworld.Suddenly,youwouldrealizethatyourfast-pacedlifeisrunningatasnailp'asce.WithouttheInternet,yoursocializingwouldalsobeimpacted.Ifyou'dgottenveryusedtosocializingonline,youwouldnowbecluelessastohowyoucouldsharethepicturesofyourrecenttripyouwentforwithyourfriendsacrosstheglobe.Itwouldbedifficulttointeractwithpeoplelivingoutsideyourlocality.Youmighthavetobecomeamemberofacluboracommunityinyourneighborhoodtomakenewfriends.Withnoonlinesocialmedia,youwouldfindyourselfsayingthisveryoften：Let'gsoandtalktothem!Withnowaytouseemails,instantmessaging,chatorsocialmedia,wewouldhavetotakeadvantageoftheoptionofatelephoneconversation,orsendingsnailmail.Communicationviatheinternetisfree,whereastheoptionsavailableotherwisewouldcostyouextramoneyandtime.Yourwouldhavetowritelettersandbuystamps,asweusedtodobeforetheInternetbecamepopular.TheInternethasbecomeahugeseaofinformationandresources.NoInternetwouldmeannoinstantandeasyaccesstoinformationattheclickofabutton.Yourwouldhavetowalkdowntoyourlocallibraryandactuallysearchthewholeplacetogettheinformationyou'rleookingfor,withlittlechancesthatyou'flilndwhatyouseekinstantly.ThestudentswhowereaccustomedtousingtheInternetforcompletingtheirassignmentswouldhaveatoughtime.Therewouldbenowaytogetaneducationwithoutactuallygoingtoaschooloracollegephysically.WithouttheInternet,thingsatyourworkplacewouldbeturnedupsidedown.IfyourworkwaslargelyInternet-based,yourcompanymighthavetoshutdown.IfyourworkinvolvedonlyminoruseoftheInternet,forexample,usingonlinesystemtoacquirestatisticsfromtheInternet,thissimpletaskwouldnowbeacomplicatedandtime-consumingprocess.Yourdeskwouldbefullofdocumentsandfiles,andyouwouldhaveanightmaresearchingorsortingthemoutbyhand.Inanycase,lifewithouttheInternetwouldseemlikenightmare!Soenjoylivingintheparadisewecall

30theInternetandmakewiseuseofit!CanyouimaginetheworldwithouttheInternetParagraphoutlineSupportingdetailsLifestyleItwouldtakeyoumuchIongertimetogetsomepublic(71)Thepaceofyourlifewould(72)downSocializingYouwouldnotknowhowtoshareyourthingswithyourfarawayfriendsYouwouldhavedifficultyinteractingwithpeoplelivingoutsideyourlocalityYouwouldneedtoioinacluboracommunityto(73)newpeopleYouwouldalwaysbeobligedtomakeface-to-face(74)withothersCommunicationWithoutemails,instantmessagingorsocialmedia,youwouldhavetouseoldcommunicatingwaysliketelephoneconversationCommunicatinginoldwayswouldbe(75)andtime-consumingInformationLargeamountsofinformationandresourcesonlinewouldnoIongerbeeasily(76)Thestudentswhowereinthe(77)ofusingtheInternetwouldhavetroublecompletingtheirassignmentsItwouldbeimpossibleforstudentstobe(78)viatheInternetWorkplaceThosecompaniesthatwereheavily(79)ontheInternetwouldclosedownItwouldbecomplicatedandtime-consumingtoacquiresomestatisticsYourdeskwouldbeina(80)anditwouldbehardforyoutosearchorsortsomethingout【答案】71.service(s)72.Slow73.Meet/befriend74.Contact/conversation(s)

3173.costly/expensive74.Accessed/available75.habit76.self-educated/educated77.dependent78.mess【解析】試題分析;:請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文童后表格中的空格里埴入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：毎個空格只填1個單詞。71sen：csi'i'i1f根據(jù)旬意可知：得到許多公共服務需要花費你更長的時間?故填72.SIOW根據(jù)句意可知：生活步調將會慢下來。故填slow。73.Meet/befriend句意：你需要加入一個俱樂部或一個社區(qū)結交新朋友。故填Meet/befriend。74.Contact/conversation(s)句意：與其他人面對面的交流或談話。故填Contact/conversation(s)。75.costly/expensive句意：舊的交流方式將花費很多并且浪費時間。故填costly/expensive。76.Accessed/available句意：網(wǎng)上大量的資源和信息不再容易進入。故填Accessed/available。77.habit句意：有用電腦習慣的學生在完成他們的作業(yè)上有麻煩。故填habit。78.self-educated/educated句意：學生通過網(wǎng)絡受教育將是可能的。故填self-educated/educated。79.dependent句意：特別依賴網(wǎng)絡的公司將會倒閉。故填dependent。80.mess句意：你的課桌將會一片混亂。故填mess?！局R歸納】

321.dependon依賴，依靠；dependent依賴的，bedependenton依賴。2.in-是否定的前綴independent獨立自主的；independence獨立自主溫馨提示充分利用詞的前綴和后綴，有利于記憶單詞，增大詞匯量。考點：考查任務型閱讀【江蘇省如東高級中學2019屆高三上學期期中考試】任務型閱讀（共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個．．最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相對應題號的橫線上。IDsystemsareusedasameansforpeopletoprovetheiridentity,asameansofaccesscontrol,orformanyothersituations.IDcardsalsocontainalotmoreinformationthansimplythenameoftheholder.AllIDcardscontaininformationthatisrelevanttotheinstitutionthatreleasedthem,sothereisnosinglemodelthatappliestoallIDcards.DifferentinstitutionshavedifferentruleswhenitcomestoIDcards,andIDcardsusedbystudents,inuniversities,willnothavethesamesecurityfeaturesasthoseusedinthemilitary,forexample.Themoreimportanttheinstitutionis,themoreimportantthesecurityis,andthemoresecurityfeatureswillbeusedtopreventduplication（復制）ofanIDcard.AnyonewithaprinterthatcanprintIDcardscanduplicateinIDcard,ifitdoesnothaveanysecuritymeasures.Therehavebeenlotsofcases,especiallyinlowsecurityinstitutions,whereIDcardshavebeenduplicatedandthiswasnotnoticed,sincethepersonholdingthecardusuallyflasheditwhenitwasrequested,andthatwasnotenoughtonoticethatitisafake.Thatmaynotbeextremelyimportantwhenitissimplyacaseofastudenttryingtoenterthecampusofanotheruniversity,butitcanbeofvitalimportanceifithappensinamilitaryinstitution.Checksinmilitaryinstitutionsaremuchstricterandthepersonnelcheckingthecardarealwaystrainedtospotfakesinashortamountoftime.SomemaythinkthatcreatinganIDcardisextremelydifficult,butitisnot.AllittakesisaspecialprinterthatcanprintIDcards,amodelandaphotoID.Thefactthatsuchprinterscanbefreelyorderedonlinehasraisedsecurityissueswithlotsofcompaniesandinstitutions,andmosthavedecidedtoeithercreatetheirownIDcards,orsimplyusemoreadvancedsecurityfeaturesthatregularhome-usersdonothaveaccessto.Thisineludesmagneticstripes(磁條),chips,barcodes(條形碼),andothermethods.Thisdoesincreasethecostofthecardperperson,sothetotalcostofthecardsincreasesbasedonthenumberofemployeesthecompanyhas,butitalsoreducessecurityriskstoaminimum.

33SoIDsystems,asbasicastheyseem,areanexcellentsecuritymeasureforanyinstitution.ToensurethattheIDslookgoodandfunctionproperly,thecompanythathandlesthecardprintingservicesshouldbetop-class.Tryingtosavesomemoneybychoosingacheaperproviderisnotreallywise.Whilesomecompaniesofferbonusesforlargeorders,ifthequalityprovidedisnotofthehigheststandard,itisnotworthit.IDsystemsPassageoutlineSupportingdetails(76)toIDsystemThereisnotasinglemodel(77)toallIDcardsbecauseofdifferentinformationcontainedindifferentIDcards.Differentsecurityfeaturesaredecidedbythedegreeofthe(78)oftheinstitutionsSecurityfeaturesofIDcardsWithnosecuritymeasuresquitealotof(79)ofIDcardduplicationhavehappened.InamilitaryinstitutionIDcardsare(80)morestrictly(81)ofIDcardsItisnot(82)tomakeIDcardswithspecialprinters.Usingmagneticstripes,chipsandbarcodes(83)thesafetyofIDcards.Theauthor'dvice(84)basicandsimple,IDsystemsareanexcellentsecuritymeasure.It"wiseto(85)top-classprovidersorservicestoensureIDcardsofafinequality.【答案】76.Introduction77.applying78.importanee79.cases80.checked81.Creation/production82.difficult/hard83.increase84.Seeming/Looking85.choose/use/select

34【解析】試題分析：請認寡閱讀下列姮文匚并根IE所讀內容在文童后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~「注青:每■■個空格只填1個單詞4請將答聚寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。7(5.Introduction根據(jù)句意可知是對二系統(tǒng)的介紹。故填Jittoduetion.77apply:ns句意：沒有一個單一的模型適合所有的卡。此處是現(xiàn)在井詞作定語，故填appA'ingi7S.importance句意：不同的安全特性是由機構的重要性的稈度來決定的。'mportance重要性』舌攵填'mp0Han:?<-79.cases句意：沒有安全措施，大量的身份證復印件案件已經(jīng)發(fā)生。故填cases80.checked句意：在軍事機構身份證檢查更嚴格。故填checked。81.Creation/production句意：身份證的制作。故填Creation/production。82.difficult/hard句意：用特殊的印刷機制作身份證并不難。故填difficult/hard。83.increase根據(jù)句意可知是：增加身份證的安全。故填increaseo84.Seeming/Looking句意：安全措施看起來是基本的和簡單的，但確實是非常棒的安全措施。故填Seeming/Looking。85.choose/use/select句意：選擇頂級的提供者或服務者來確保一個高質量的身份證是明智的。故填choose/use/select?！久麕燑c撥】1.paitent---paitenee;important---importanee;confident---confidenee2.Itis+形容詞(important/impossible---)+forsb.todosth.Itis+形容詞(clever/honest---)+ofsb.todosth.3.findit+形容詞+todosth.考點：任務型閱讀【江蘇省鹽城市2019屆高三上學期期中考試】任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個．．最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相對應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填1個單詞。Haveyoueverbeensoabsorbedinaconversationatapartythatyoufailedtonoticethatsomeonenewisstandingonlysixinchesawayfromyou,tryingtogetyourattention?It'posssiblethatyouweresodistractedthatyoudidn'ntoticesomeoneapproachingyou.Butit'alssoentirelylikelythatyouwereexperiencingchangeblindness.Changeblindnessisaphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonisunabletonoticevisualchangesintheir

35environment,despitethefactthattheyareoftenratherobvious.Incasesofchangeblindness,thepersonisn'fatilingtonoticesmallorinsignificantchanges,butwillprobablymissbigchanges,likesomeonestandingnexttothemwavingtheirhand.Earlyexperimentswithchangeblindnessfocusedlargelyonmemoryandperceptionwhenviewingpictures.Forexample,apersonmightbeshownaphotographofastreetsceneinEgyptandtoldtomemorizetheimage.Followingthat,theywouldbeshownthesamepicturewithcertainelementsaddedortakenawayandaskedtoidentifywhat'dsifferent.Veryoftentheindividualcouldrecallthelargeraspectsofthepicturebutcouldn'retcognizethesmallerchanges.Inthe1990s,researcherDanielSimonsconductedafascinatingstudyintochangeblindnessthatmanypeoplefindunbelievable.InSimons'study,heaskedparticipantstowatchavideoofabasketballbeingpassedaroundbetweenseveralpeople,withaparticularfocusonthebasketballitself.Whentheexperimentwasover,Simonsfoundthatalargenumberofparticipantsweresofocusedonwatchingthebasketballbeingpassedaroundthattheyfailedtonoticeamaninagorillasuitjumpingaroundinfrontofthecamera.It'imsportanttonotethatthechangeinSimons'videowasn'tsubtle;thegorillaisveryobviouslytakingupmuchoftheframe.Simonsconcludedthatparticipantswereexperiencinginattentionalblindness,whichiswhenapersonfailstonoticeamajorchangebecausetheyaresofocusedonanothertask.Inthiscase,becauseparticipantswereaskedtofocusonthemovementofthebasketball,theirbrainsprioritizedthattaskinordertodoitproperly,therebymissingtheotherthingshappeninginthevideo.InthecaseofSimons'study,participantsengagedwhat'sferredtoasattentionalselection,whichiswhenapersonselectscertainthingstofocusoninordertoachieveataskandfiltersoutanythingthatisunrelatedtotheobjective.Thereareanumberoftheoriesaboutwhatcausesaperson'inabilitytorecognizeobviouschangesintheirenvironment,butmostagreethatthephenomenonisrelatedtosensoryprocessing.Broadlyspeaking,ourbrainshavealimitedcapacitytodetectandprocesseverythinginourenvironment.Instead,whatthebraindoesistochoosecertainthingstoprocess,evaluate,andstore,whichallowsotherthingstobemissedorfilteredout.Insimpleterms,changeblindnesshasagreatdealtodowithwhereapersondirectstheirattention.Inthecaseofthegorillaandthebasketball,peoplefocusedtheirattentionalmostexclusivelyononething,whichcausedthemtomissotherelementsorchanges.Giventhatattentionisoftenattherootofchangeblindness,aperson'ageormentalandphysicalhealthcaninfluencehowwelltheywillnoticechangesinstimuli.

36ChangeBlindness(71)▲ofchangeblindnessChangeblindnessisasurprisingperceptualphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonrecognizesminorchangesinsceneswhilelargechangesgo(72)▲.?Themain(73)▲ofearlyexperimentswasmemoryandExperimentswithchangeperception.blindness?Individualswerefoundtobe(74)▲atrecallingthesmallerdetailsinthesamepicturepreviouslyshowntothem.?InSimons'study,participantswereaskedtopayspecialattentiontothe(75)▲basketball,duringwhichtimeamanwearingagorillasuitunexpectedlywalkedthroughthescene.Researchinthe1990s?Contrarytopopularbelief,withtheirattentionfixedonthebasketball,manyparticipantsreportedthatthe“gorilla(76)▲theirnotice.?Itisconcludedthatparticipantsfailtorecognizesomethingbigbutunrelatedtotheobjectivewhentheirbrainsareprogrammedtoconsidersometaskasatop(77)▲.(78)▲ofchange?Thebrainmakes(79)▲aboutwhattobedealtwithbecauseofitslimitedcapacity.blindness?Althoughattentionisclosely(80)▲tochangeblindness,ageandhealthareotherfactorsthatplayarole.【答案】71.Definition/Concept72.unnoticed73.focus74.poor75.moving76.escaped77.priority78.Causes79.choices

3771.related/linked【解析】試題分析；文童給我們介紹了6噸讓二山曲這一現(xiàn)象的定義、相關的實驗及實驗結果、出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因。71.Def.M'onConcept考查名詞。根據(jù)后面內容可知是Uiq孚V：；n±ie=s的定義或概念。3efJiition"定義3Concept概念叫故填3rfnitonCo:佇p:?72unnot:ed考查形容詞◎根IS第二段中的定義匚血辛卜二訂眾二二aphenomenonthatoccurswhenapeison沽unabletonot'；?\:sua^changesintheir芒皿玉宇:弋：也九二：九上：a?var?oftentatheiobviousunab>ionov.ce可知此處與之對應，故填uniic\；cd(.73.focus考查名詞。根據(jù)第三段Earlyexperimentswithchangeblindnessfocusedlargelyonmemoryandperceptionwhenviewingpictures.可知最早實驗的焦點是記憶和知覺，故填focus。74.poor考查形容詞。根據(jù)第三段Veryoftentheindividualcouldrecallthelargeraspectsofthepicturebutcouldn'etognizethesmallerchanges.可知個體不能辨認那些小的變化，在此方面不擅長，故填poor。75.moving考查形容詞。根據(jù)第四段heaskedparticipantstowatchavideoofabasketballbeingpassedaroundbetweenseveralpeople可知實驗時讓參加者們看互相傳的籃球視頻，由此可知是“運動的”籃球，故填moving。76.escaped考查動詞。根據(jù)第四段Simonsfoundthatalargenumberofparticipantsweresofocusedonwatchingthebasketballbeingpassedaroundthattheyfailedtonoticeamaninagorillasuitjumpingaroundinfrontofthecamera.可知人們太專注于籃球了卻沒注意從相機前跳過的穿著大猩猩服裝的人。此處指逃離他們的視線，根據(jù)failedtonotice填escaped。77.priority考查名詞。根據(jù)第五段Inthiscase,becauseparticipantswereaskedtofocusonthemovementofthebasketball,theirbrainsprioritizedthattaskinordertodoitproperly,therebymissingtheotherthingshappeninginthevideo.可知為了準確地完成任務，他們的大腦優(yōu)先注意這個任務。此處指優(yōu)先首選，根據(jù)prioritized故填priority。78.Causes考查名詞。根據(jù)后面表格內容可知在講這種現(xiàn)象的原因，原因有兩點用復數(shù)形式，故填Causes。79.choices考查名詞。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Instead,whatthebraindoesistochoosecertainthingstoprocess,evaluate,andstore,whichallowsotherthingstobemissedorfilteredout.可知大腦會選擇某些事情去加工、評價和儲存。此處指做出選擇，根據(jù)choose填choices。80.related/linked考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)最后一段changeblindnesshasagreatdealtodowithwhereapersondirectstheirattention.中的hasagreatdealtodowith可知是“相關，相關”之意，故填related/linked?？键c：考查閱讀填空。

38【江蘇省淮安市淮海中學2019屆高三9月月考】任務型閱讀（共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分）請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相對應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。Ayoungpersonissaidtohaveabehaviordisorderwhenhisorherbehaviorisnoticeablydifferentfromthatexpectedintheschoolorcommunity.Thiscanalsobestatedinsimplertermsasachildwhoisnotdoingwhatadultswanthimtodoataparticulartime.Childrenwiththisdisorderoftenseemtobebehavingindifferentandsociallyunacceptableways.Likelearningdisabilities,behaviordisordersarehardtodiagnose.Therearenophysicalsymptomsinthebodythatareobservableormeasurable.Behaviordisordersarethereforeidentifiedbyobservingbehaviorpatternsinthechildoveraperiodoftime.Ifachilddisplayssomeofthefollowingbehaviors,hemaybelabeledwithabehaviordisorder：?Aggressionandcrueltytopeopleandanimals.Destructionofproperty—defacingordamagingthings.?Littlesympathyandconcernforothers.Takesnoresponsibilityforbehavior.Alsolies,cheatsandstealseasily..Disregardsrulesandregulations.Inadditiontothesegeneralsymptomsofabehaviordisorder,thereareothersymptomscharacteristicofmorespecificbehaviordisorderssuchasADHD—thisistheinattentive,can'-sit-stillbehavior.Theattentioncan'lastlongandthebehaviorisimpulsiveattimes.Thechildalsoseemsquitedistractedandforgetful.Behaviordisorderscomefrombraininjury,childabuse,andshock,etc.Therehavealsobeenindicationsthatitcouldbeageneticdisorder.Thebehaviorthereforeisaninvoluntaryresponsetotheseexperiencesandthechildshouldnotbeblamedforhisbehavior.Sincethechildhasproblemscontrollinghisbehavior,itstandstoreasonthathisperformanceinschoolwillbeaffected.Achildwithabehaviordisorderwillfeelbadabouthimselfandthatlowself-esteemwillbefurtherworsenedbytheadultsaroundhimwhodonottreathisconditionwithunderstandingandwillingnesstohelp.Behaviordisordersarebestdealtwithbybehaviorandpsychologicaltreatments.But,aswithlearningdisabilities,accuratediagnosisisimportantandthismustbeoveralengthoftime.Itisalsoimportantintryingtomodifythebehaviortobeclearaboutwhatisthebehavioryouareexpecting.Makesureitisarationalexpectation.Forexample,expectingathree-year-oldtositquietlythroughalongchurchservicemaynotbereasonable,ordemandingthatasix-year-olddoesextrahomeworkafteralongdayofschoolandextracurricularactivitiesmaybestretchingthechildconcentrationandattentiontoofar.Sincesomebehaviordisordersresultfromshockingandupsettinglifeexperiencesorbraininjury,treatmentsshouldincludehelpingthechildtoresolveandhealemotionallyfromtheexperience.Thebehaviorcouldbecorrectedthroughemotionalhealing.Inotherwords,whenahumanbeingisemotionallyhealthy,thatis,canbeawareofhisintelligenceandenthusiasmforlifeandhislovingconnectednesstootherhumanbeings,heautomatically“behavesrationally.

39Title：BehaviourDisordersPassageoutlineSupporting(71)▲DefinitionofabehaviourdisorderApersonmaybeconsideredtohaveabehaviourdisorderwhenhebehavesapparently(72)▲fromothers.SymptomsofabehaviordisorderBeing(73)▲andshowingnomercytoanimalsandotherpeopleTendingtododamagetothingsaroundhimHavinglittlesympathyorconcernforothersFailingto(74)▲forwhathehasdoneandnotbeinghonestLackingtheawarenessof(75)▲rulesandregulationsHavingdifficultyconcentratingonsomethingforlongFactors(76)▲inbehaviourdisordersSomeoutsideforcesmayleadtoabehaviourdisorder.Ageneticdisordergiving(77)▲toabehaviourdisorderhasalsobeenfound.WaystodealwithbehaviourdisordersBehaviourtreatment:diagnosingsuchadisorder(78)▲andmodifyingthedisorderedbehaviourinarationalway.Psychologicaltreatment:attachingimportaneetoimprovingthepatientemotional(79)▲,thus,developingaproperself-esteem.ConclusionAbehaviourdisorderisn'early(80)▲todiagnosefromphysicalsymptoms,butitcanbedealtwithinbehaviourandpsychologicalways.【答案】71.details72.differently73.aggressive74.answer75.obeying/observing76.resulting77.rise/birth78.accurately79.health80.easy【解析】試題分析：一個年輕人說，當他或她的行為有明顯的不同于學?；蛏鐓^(qū)的行為時，說明可能他或她有一個行為障礙。這也能夠用簡單的術語來表述，作為一個孩子，他不是成年人想讓他在特定的時間里做什么。有這種障礙的兒童往往表現(xiàn)在不同的和社會不可接受的方式。

4071.details考查名詞。根據(jù)表格下方的內容可知這里是指詳細的說明，所以用details。72.differently考查畐U詞。根據(jù)Ayoungpersonissaidtohaveabehaviordisorderwhenhisorherbehaviorisnoticeablydifferentfromthatexpectedintheschoolorcommunity可知當一個人不同于他應該被期望那樣，他可能有一個行為障礙，所以這里用副詞修飾動詞，所以用differently。73.aggressive考查形容詞。根據(jù)?Aggressionandcrueltytopeopleandanimals.禾口being可知這里用形容詞aggressive。74.answer考查動詞根據(jù)?Takesnoresponsibilityforbehavior.Alsolies,cheatsandstealseasily.可知這里是對??負責，answerfor是固定搭配，意思是對??負責，所以用answer。75.obeying/observing考查動詞。根據(jù)?Disregardsrulesandregulations.可知這里意思是遵守規(guī)則，所以用obeying/observingrules。76.resulting考查動詞。根據(jù)后面的表格可知這里是行為障礙的結果，所以用resulting。77.birth考查動詞。根據(jù)文中Ther?hav;alscbsii:ndL：a:：0：istill：:tcouldbeaGeneticdisorder.可知這和遺傳因素有關，所以是生下來就有，所用:總匕蘭“7Saccurat^y考查副i司門根據(jù)accurate止廷心疋匹；xporba:r可知這里用副詞accurate//^79hea；lh考查名詞。這里竟思是病人的情緒儺康，所次用加丸：沽閃畀吁考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意可知行為障礙可能不會簡單的在物理癥狀出現(xiàn)，但是卻可以治療，所次這里用形容詞easvo考點：考查任務型閱讀【江蘇省揚州中學2019屆高三上學期10月月考】任務型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)Chronicdisorganizationoccurswhenoneishabituallydisorganizedoveralongperiod,whichmeansthepersonisconstantlyunsystematicinhowheconductslifeandbusiness.Onesufferingfromthisproblemmayfindreliefinthefactthatitisn'actuallyadiseaseorevenan“officialdisorder.It'sthecontinuedlackoforganizationinone'life.Someonemaybecomeaddictedtocollectingacertainthingyetneverorganizethecollectionasitgrowsoutofcontrol.Thiscanespeciallybeaproblemforthosewithalotoftimeandmoneyathand,yettheproblemcanbeseriousforanytypeofpersoninawidevarietyofsituations.One'personalattitudecanoftenbeabigpartofwhythechronicdisorganizationexists.Oncetheattitudeofacceptaneeaboutbeinga“slobisinsomeone'head,it'hardtoremove.Ifsomeonetellshimselfthatheisaslob,hewilllikelyliveuptothatself-imagecreatedbyhimorbythosearoundhim.Onefirstreceivestrueawarenessofthedisorderofchronicdisorganizationwhenitstartsto

41negativelyaffectrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.Everybodybecomesaffectedbythissituation,especiallythosesharinglivingplaceswiththeoneinvolved.TheNationalStudyGroupforChronicDisorganization(HSGCD)recommendsthatonegethelpthroughaprofessionalorganizer.Thestudyfoundthatallofthesubjectsinthestudyhadproblemswithmakingdecisions.Therewerevariedreasonsgivenforthisproblemofdecision-making.Amongthemwerefearsandprioritizingissues.Researchisongoingforthelinkbetweenproblemsindecision-makingandchronicdisorganization.Chronicdisorganizationoftenbeginswithsituationaldisorganization,somethingmostpeopleexperienceatsomepoint.Someonewhohaslostsomeonesignificanttohimmaystarttobetroubledbydisorganizationafteradivorce.Someonewhoexperieneedchangesinlifeandinhiscareermayintendtoletthingslikeorganizationandorderfallbythewayside.However,onedoesn'instantlyhavechronicdisorganization.“iyou'rgoingthroughhell,keepgoing.That'asoldsayingthat'tseaboutone'struggleswithchronicdisorganization.Everypersonhasthepowertochangewithinhimself.It'asmatterofstayingorganized,onedayatatime.Thosewhohaveleftchronicdisorganizationinthepasthaveoftendonesobypromisingtostayorganizedsimplyforthatsingleday.DefinitionItmeansthatthepersonhasa(n)(71)ofbeingdisorganizedinlifeandbusinessoveralongperiod.(72)theproblem?Oneexampleisthatanaddict(73)toorganizethecollection.?The(74)ofchronicdisorganizationispartlyaffectedbyone'personalattitude.?Onedoesn'realizethedisorderofchronicdisorganizationuntilithas(75)effectsontherelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.The(76)ofthestudyAllsubjectsinthestudysufferfromtheproblemofpoordecision-making,whichis(77)withchronicdisorganization.

42Warning(78)Losingsomeonesignificant,(79)adivorceorchangesinone'lifeandcareer.GoodnewsWhenin(80)withchronicdisorganization,everypersonhasthepowertochange,atleastonesingledayatatime.【答案】71habit71.Recognizing73fails74existenee75.negative/bad76.findings/discovery77.linked/connected/associated71.signs72.experiencing73.struggle【解析】試題分析：根據(jù)文章內容在表格中填上合適的詞，使句意完整。注意用所填詞的正確形式,71hab-t習慣用法：ahat::of有一種…的習慣。故填habits72.KK0gni2ing幵頭》所以埴Xecocnizineo7=fails句意：識別這個問題。因為是一個小標題，故用動名詞形式』井用大與根IBS!二段第neverorganize:hecollection可知，一個例子是，一個吸毒者未育樂且織收集。故壇74existenee此處表達的意思是慢性瓦解的存有”。根據(jù)意思可知用名詞，故填existenee。75.negative/bad固定搭配：havenegative/badon---,對---有負面影響。故填negative/bad。76.findings/discovery研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故填findings/discovery。77.linked/connected/associated固定搭配：與---相關聯(lián)，故填linked/connected/associatedo78.signs根據(jù)句意可知是警告標志”。故填signs。

4379.experiencing變和癌癥。故填experiencing。句意：失去某人意義，體驗一次離婚或者人一生中的改80.struggle固疋搭配：instrugglewith--，在與---的斗爭中。故填struggle?？键c：考查任務型閱讀20佃年模擬題

44【江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市2019屆高三教學情況調研（二）】任務型閱讀洪10小題；每小題I分，滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題紙上相對應題號的橫線上。InGreekmythology,theTrojan（特洛伊）WarwasstartedagainstthecityofTroybytheGreeksafterParisofTroytookHelenfromherhusbandMenelaus,kingofSparta.ThewarisoneofthemostimportanteventsinGreekmythologyandhasappearedinmanyworksofGreekliterature,mostnotablythroughHomers（荷馬）Iliad.TheIliadrelatesapartofthelastyearofthesiege（包圍）ofTroy;theOdysseydescribesthejourneyhomeofOdysseus,oneofthewar'heroes.Otherpartsofthewararedescribedinacycleofepicpoems（史詩）,whichhavesurvivedthroughfragments.ThewarprovidedmaterialforGreektragedyandotherworksofGreekliterature,andforRomanpoetsincludingVirgilandOvid.ThewaroriginatedfromaquarrelbetweenthegoddessesAthena,Hera,andAphrodite,afterEris,thegoddessofstrifeanddiscord（不和i皆）,gavethemagoldenapplemarked“fothefairestZeussentthegoddessestoParis,whojudgedthatAphrodite,asthe“fairestsh”uldreceivetheapple.Inexchange,AphroditemadeHelen,themostbeautifulofallwomenandwifeofMenelaus,fallinlovewithParis,whotookhertoTroy.Agamemnon,kingofMycenaeandthebrotherofHelen'hssbandMenelaus,ledanexpeditionofGreektroopstoTroyandbesiegedthecityfortenyearsbecauseofParisinsult.Afterthedeathsofmanyheroesthecityfelltotheruse（策略）oftheTrojanHorse.TheGreeksslaughtered（大屠殺）theTrojansanddesecrated（褻瀆）thetemples,thusearningthegods'greatanger.FewoftheGreeksreturnedsafelytotheirhomes.TheancientGreekstreatedtheTrojanWarasanhistoricaleventwhichhadtakenplaceinthe13thor12thcenturyBC,andbelievedthatTroywaslocatedinmodern-dayTurkeyneartheDardanelles.Asofthemid-19thcentury,boththewarandthecitywerewidelybelievedtobenon-historical.In1868,however,theGermanarchaeologistHeinrichSchliemannmetFrankCalvert,whoconvincedSchliemannthatTroywasatHissarlik;thisclaimisnowacceptedbymostscholars.Theybelievethatthereisahistoricalcoretothetale.However,whetherthereisanyhistoricalrealitybehindtheTrojanWarisstillanopenquestion.TopicSubtopicDetailedinformation

4571in?TheIliadrelatingwhathappenedinthelastyearofthesiege?TheOdyssey72OdysseusjourneyhomeLiterature?Epicpoems?Romanpoetsgaining73throughfragmentsVirgilandOvidincludedTheTrojanWarPlotoftheWarThewarwas74byaquarrelbetweenthethreegoddessesforthetitleofthe“fairest”.75judgedAphroditethe“fairestineXchangeofHelen,themostbeautifulwoman,whowastakentoTroybyhim.Feeling76byParisaction,AgamemnonledanexpeditionofGreektroopstoTroyandbesiegedthecityfortenyears.WiththeruseoftheTrojanHorse,Greektroops77thecityandslaughteredtheTrojansanddesecratedthetemples,whichmadethegodsveryangryandmadefewofthemreturnhomesafely.78_BackgroundTheancientGreeks'time■Thewarwasbelievedtobeanhistoricalevent,79inthe13thor12thcenturyBC.Themid-1900s■Thewarwasregardedasnon-historical.From1868■Manyscholars80—FrankCalvert'claimandbelievethatthereisahistoricalcoretothetale,butitstillremainsanopenquestion.【答案】71.Appearanee72.describing

4671.survival72.caused73.Paris76.insulted77.occupied(took,conquered)78.Historical79.happening80.follow(accept)【解析】試題分析：本文講述的是戰(zhàn)爭是希臘神話中最重要的事件之一，在許多希賭文學作品中表現(xiàn)出來。這里描述了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭。古藉胎人把特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭當作發(fā)生在公元前十二、十三世紀的一次歷史事件。這種說法現(xiàn)在祓大務數(shù)學者所接受。71.Appearanee根據(jù)第一段第二句ThewarisoneofthemostimportanteventsinGreekmythologyandhasappearedinmanyworksofGreekliterature,mostnotablythroughHomers(荷馬)Iliad.戰(zhàn)爭是希臘神話中最重要的事件之一，在很多希臘文學作品中表現(xiàn)出來，多數(shù)通過荷馬史詩《伊利亞特》。此處用名詞形式，故填Appearanee。72.describing根據(jù)第一段第三句中theOdysseydescribesthejourneyhomeofOdysseus《奧德賽》描述了奧德修斯回家的旅程。故此處填describing。73.survival根據(jù)第一段第四句Otherpartsofthewararedescribedinacycleofepicpoems(史詩),whichhavesurvivedthroughfragments.其他地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)爭被描述在史詩的循環(huán)中，這已經(jīng)幸存于片段。古此處用名詞形式survival。74.caused根據(jù)第二段第一句Thewaroriginatedfromaquarrel戰(zhàn)爭起源于一次爭吵?？芍颂幪頲ausedo75.Paris根據(jù)第二段第二句ZeussentthegoddessestoParis,whojudgedthatAphrodite,asthe“fairestshouldreceivetheapple.宙斯把女神送到巴黎，所以可知此處填Paris。

4776.insulted根據(jù)第二段第四句Agamemnon,kingofMycenaeandthebrotherofHelen'hssbandMenelaus,ledanexpeditionofGreektroopstoTroyandbesiegedthecityfortenyearsbecauseofParisinsult.邁錫尼國王阿伽門農(nóng)，海倫的丈夫Menelaus的哥哥領導希臘軍隊遠征特洛伊并因為巴黎的侮辱圍攻特洛伊城歷時十年。故此處填insulted。77.occupied(took,conquered)根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句TheGreeksslaughtered(大屠殺)theTrojansanddesecrated褻瀆)thetemples,thusearningthegods'greatanger.希臘人大屠殺特洛伊人并褻瀆寺廟，所以惹得神大怒。所以可知此處填occupied(took,conquered)。78.Historical根據(jù)第三段第一句TheancientGreekstreatedtheTrojanWarasanhistoricaleventwhichhadtakenplaceinthe13thor12thcenturyBC,古希臘人把特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭當作發(fā)生在公元前十二、十三世紀的一次歷史事件?？芍颂幪頗istorical。71.happming根據(jù)第三段第—句Thean二總丄Greeks:rearedTrojliV/arasanvLchhadtakenp：a壯th?13thor12ihceniuxy弓U古希臘人把特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭當作發(fā)生在公元前十二、十三■世己的一次歷史事件?？芍颂幪頷appeningsES.follov.iacceptjlBJg第三段隹擻第三句中出二九九衛(wèi)皿'胃bymostscholars.這種說法現(xiàn)在被大多數(shù)學者所接受宀可知此處填fb：：mv(arctptjo考點：考查歷史典故閱讀【江蘇省揚州中學2019屆高三上學期10月月考】任務型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)Chronicdisorganizationoccurswhenoneishabituallydisorganizedoveralongperiod,whichmeansthepersonisconstantlyunsystematicinhowheconductslifeandbusiness.Onesufferingfromthisproblemmayfindreliefinthefactthatitisn'actuallyadiseaseorevenan“official”disorder.It'hscontinuedlackoforganizationinone'life.Someonemaybecomeaddictedtocollectingacertainthingyetneverorganizethecollectionasitgrowsoutofcontrol.Thiscanespeciallybeaproblemforthosewithalotoftimeandmoneyathand,yettheproblemcanbeseriousforanytypeofpersoninawidevarietyofsituations.One'personalattitudecanoftenbeabigpartofwhythechronicdisorganizationexists.Oncetheattitudeofacceptaneeaboutbeinga“slobisinsomeone'head,it'hardtoremove.Ifsomeone

48tellshimselfthatheisaslob,hewilllikelyliveuptothatself-imagecreatedbyhimorbythosearoundhim.Onefirstreceivestrueawarenessofthedisorderofchronicdisorganizationwhenitstartstonegativelyaffectrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.Everybodybecomesaffectedbythissituation,especiallythosesharinglivingplaceswiththeoneinvolved.TheNationalStudyGroupforChronicDisorganization(HSGCD)recommendsthatonegethelpthroughaprofessionalorganizer.Thestudyfoundthatallofthesubjectsinthestudyhadproblemswithmakingdecisions.Therewerevariedreasonsgivenforthisproblemofdecision-making.Amongthemwerefearsandprioritizingissues.Researchisongoingforthelinkbetweenproblemsindecision-makingandchronicdisorganization.Chronicdisorganizationoftenbeginswithsituationaldisorganization,somethingmostpeopleexperienceatsomepoint.Someonewhohaslostsomeonesignificanttohimmaystarttobetroubledbydisorganizationafteradivorce.Someonewhoexperieneedchangesinlifeandinhiscareermayintendtoletthingslikeorganizationandorderfallbythewayside.However,onedoesn'instantlyhavechronicdisorganization.“iyou'rgoingthroughhell,keepgoing.That'asoldsayingthat'trueaboutone'struggleswithchronicdisorganization.Everypersonhasthepowertochangewithinhimself.It'asmatterofstayingorganized,onedayatatime.Thosewhohaveleftchronicdisorganizationinthepasthaveoftendonesobypromisingtostayorganizedsimplyforthatsingleday.DefinitionItmeansthatthepersonhasa(n)(71)ofbeingdisorganizedinlifeandbusinessoveralongperiod.(72)theproblem?Oneexampleisthatanaddict(73)toorganizethecollection.?The(74)ofchronicdisorganizationispartlyaffectedbyone'personalattitude.?Onedoesn'realizethedisorderofchronicdisorganizationuntilithas(75)effectsontherelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.

49The(76)ofthestudyAllsubjectsinthestudysufferfromtheproblemofpoordecision-making,whichis(77)withchronicdisorganization.Warning(78)Losingsomeonesignificant,(79)adivorceorchangesinone'lifeandcareer.GoodnewsWhenin(80)withchronicdisorganization,every

50personhasthepowertochange,atleastonesingledayatatime.【答案】71habit72.Recognizing73fails74existenee75.negative/bad76.findings/discovery77.linked/connected/associated78.signs79.experiencing80.struggle【解析】試題分析；根據(jù)文童內容在表格中填上合適的詞，使句意完整。注意用所填i司的正確形式?Tlhabit習慣用法：acf有一種…的習慣。故填hat):u72Xecosnizing句意：識別這個冋題。因為是亍小標題，故用動名詞形式，并用大與開頭』所以壇吳避血嗎73fails根據(jù)第一段第一句neverorganizethecollection可知，一個例子是，一個吸毒者未能組織收集。故填fails。74existenee此處表達的意思是慢性瓦解的存有”。根據(jù)意思可知用名詞，故填existenee。75.negative/bad固定搭配：havenegative/badon---,對---有負面影響。故填negative/bad。76.findings/discovery研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故填findings/discovery。77.linked/connected/associated固定搭配：與---相關聯(lián)，故填linked/connected/associatedo78.signs根據(jù)句意可知是警告標志”。故填signs。79.experiencing句意：失去某人意義，體驗一次離婚或者人一生中的改

51固定搭配：instrugglewith--，在與---的斗爭中。故填變和癌癥。故填experiencing。80.strugglestruggle?？键c：考查任務型閱讀【南京市2019屆高三第三次模擬】任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題紙上相對應的橫線上。Theemotionalbondachildsecureswithitsparentshasagreaterimpactonitseducationthanpreviouslythought,areportsuggests.TheSuttonTruststudysayschildrene'arslyattachmenttoparentshasfar-reachingconsequencesfortheirabilitytospeak,learnandthink.Parentswhoareinsecurethemselvesfindithardertoprovidechildrenwithsecurity,itsays.Andthereportcallsformorehelpsoparentscandevelopsuchcrucialbonds.Thestudyfocusesontheapplicationofthetheoryofattachment—akeytheoryinchilddevelopmentandpsychology.Thissaysthedegreetowhichchildrenaresecureandresilientastheygrowupdependsontheirownearlyexperienceswiththeirmothersandfathersandhowtheyhavebonded.ThereportfromtheSuttonTrusteducationcharity,entitledBabyBonds,makesthecasethatithasanimportantimpactonchildren'fustureeducationalchancesaswellastheiremotionalwell-being.Itisbasedonananalysisofmorethan100studiesontheissue,includinghomevisitsandassessmentsandobservationsofchildreninarangeofcountries.Thetrustarguesthatalthoughpsychologistshavebeenawareofattachmenttheory,ithasnotbeenseenbypolicymakersasakeyinfluenceoneducationalattainment.Anditasksthemtotakethisintoaccount.Thereportsayswhenbabiesandtoddlersdonotformthesestrongparentalbonds—knownassecureattachment—theyaremorelikelytoexhibitpoorlanguageandpoorbehaviorbeforetheyreachschool.Anditcitesinternationalstudieswhichsuggestthiscontinueslateintolife,withinsecurechildrenmorelikelytoleaveschoolearlyorduckoutofemploymentortraining.Theyarealsomorelikelytosufferfromaggression,defianeeandhyperactivitylaterinlife.TheSuttonTrustsaysitsanalysisoftheresearchsuggeststhatabout40%ofchildrenintheUKlackasecureattachmentwiththeirparents.LeadauthorSophieMoullinsaidthatwhenherteamlookedatlargescalerepresentativestudiesinanumberofcountriestheyallfound,fromtheirobservations,thatbetween38%and42%ofchildrensufferedfrompoorattachmentinallthedifferentstudylocations.Sheadded:“Securattachmentreallyhelpschildrenwith

52emotionalandsocialdevelopmentandatschoolitreallyhelpsthemtomanagetheirbehavior.Shouting,lookingoutofthewindow,hittingeachother…Theserethethingsthatteacherswilltellyouthatarestoppingchildrenfromlearning.It'reallyonlyasweunderstandmoreaboutthesebehaviorproblemsthatwehavedecidedthatalotofitgoesbacktothisearlybondingwithparents.”ResearchdirectoratthetrustConorRyansaid:“Bettebondingbetweenparentsandbabiescouldleadtomoresocialmobility,asthereissuchaclearlinktoeducation,behaviorandfutureemployment.Theeducationaldivideemergesearlyinlife,witha19—monthschoolreadinessgapbetweenthemostandleastadvantagedchildrenbytheageoffive.Thisreportclearlyidentifiesthefundamentalrolesecureattachmentcouldhaveinnarrowingthatschoolreadinessgapandimprovingchildrenli'feschances.“Moresupportfromhealthvisitors,childrencenterstogetherwithlocalauthoritiesinhelpingparentsimprovehowtheybondwithyoungchildrencouldplayaroleinnarrowingtheeducationgap.”TheSuttonTruststudyIntroductionThestudyrevealschildrendaCyattachmenttoparents(71)affectstheirabilitytospeak,learnandthink.MethodofthestudyResearchers(72)morethan100casestudiesontheissuethroughvisitinghomes,assessingchildrenand(73)children.StatisticsofthestudyIntheUK,onlyabout60%ofchildrenhaveasecureattachmentwiththeirparents.Inothercountrieswherethestudieswerecarriedout,thenumbersarequite(74).