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1、摘要當(dāng)今,自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在各行各業(yè)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展,而直流驅(qū)動(dòng)控制作為電氣傳動(dòng)的主流在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)中起著主要作用。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),直流電動(dòng)機(jī)因其轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)比較靈活,方法簡(jiǎn)單,易于大范圍平滑調(diào)速,控制性能好等特點(diǎn),一直在傳動(dòng)領(lǐng)域占有統(tǒng)治地位。[2]本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)主要是通過(guò)PWM調(diào)速器實(shí)現(xiàn)直流電機(jī)的正轉(zhuǎn)、反轉(zhuǎn)、加速、減速、停止等操作,并實(shí)現(xiàn)電路的仿真。為實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的微機(jī)控制,在設(shè)計(jì)中,采用了AT89C51單片機(jī)作為整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)的控制電路的核心部分,配以各種顯示、驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速參數(shù)的顯示和測(cè)量;由命令輸入模塊、光電隔離模塊及H型驅(qū)
2、動(dòng)模塊組成。采用帶中斷的獨(dú)立式鍵盤(pán)作為命令的輸入,單片機(jī)在程序控制下,不斷給光電隔離電路發(fā)送PWM波形,H型驅(qū)動(dòng)電路完成電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)控制.在設(shè)計(jì)中,采用PWM調(diào)速方式,通過(guò)改變PWM的占空比從而改變電動(dòng)機(jī)的電樞電壓,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的調(diào)速。設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng),在硬件結(jié)構(gòu)上采用了大量的集成電路模塊,大大簡(jiǎn)化了硬件電路,提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性,使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的性能得到提高。關(guān)鍵詞:直流電機(jī),AT89C51單片機(jī),PWM調(diào)速,仿真第29頁(yè)AbstractNowadays,automationcontrolsystemhasbeenwide
3、lyusedinallwalksoflifeanddevelopment,andDCdrivecontrolasamainstreamelectricdriveplaysamajorroleinthemodernizationofproduction.Foralongtime,becausetheDCmotorspeedregulationismoreflexible,simple,easy-to-large-scalesmoothspeedcontrolperformanceandgoodfeatures,hasbeenthed
4、ominantinthefieldoftransmission.ThegraduationprojectismainlyachievedbyPWMDCmotorspeedcontrollerforward,reverse,speedup,slowdown,stopandotheroperations,andtoachievethesimulationofthecircuit.Toachievemicrocomputercontrolsystemdesign,usingacontrolcircuitAT89C51microcontr
5、ollerasthecoreoftheentirecontrolsystempart,withvariousdisplaydrivermodule,theparametersofthemotorspeeddisplayandmeasurement;bythecommandinputmoduleopticalisolationmoduleandH-drivemodule.Usingaseparatekeyboardwithinterruptinputasacommand,themicrocontrollerunderprogramc
6、ontrol,continuousopticalisolationcircuittotransmitPWMwaveform,H-drivemotorreversingcontrolcircuitiscompletedinthedesign,usingPWMspeedcontrolmodebychangingthuschangingthedutycycleofthePWMmotorarmaturevoltage,andthusrealizethemotorspeed.Thewholecontrolsystemdesign,theha
7、rdwarestructurewithalotofintegratedcircuitmodule,greatlysimplifyingthehardwarecircuittoimprovethestabilityandreliabilityofthesystem,sothatoverallsystemperformanceisimproved.Keywords:Dcmotor,AT89C51microcontroller,PWMspeed,,Simulation第29頁(yè)目錄1緒論11.1系統(tǒng)背景11.2PWM調(diào)速基本原理11.3P
8、WM調(diào)速的優(yōu)越性31.4直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)概述42直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)52.1直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)基本原理52.2直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖52.3各電路模塊原理62.3.1AT89C51單片機(jī)62.3.2L298電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊82.3.3H橋驅(qū)動(dòng)電