資源描述:
《高精度步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的研究畢業(yè)論文》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、畢業(yè)論文高精度步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的研究摘要步進(jìn)電機(jī)是一種將電脈沖信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為角位移的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),步進(jìn)電機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是有較高的定位精度,無位置累積誤差,并且特有的開環(huán)運(yùn)行機(jī)制,與閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)相比減少系統(tǒng)成本,提高了可靠性,在數(shù)控領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但是,步進(jìn)電機(jī)在低速運(yùn)行時(shí)的振動(dòng)、噪聲大,在步進(jìn)電機(jī)的自然振蕩頻率附近運(yùn)行時(shí)易產(chǎn)生共振,輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩隨著步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速升高而下降,這些缺點(diǎn)制約了步進(jìn)電機(jī)的應(yīng)用范圍。步進(jìn)電機(jī)的使用離不開步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器,步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行性能與步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器的優(yōu)劣密切相關(guān)。傳統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式偏重使步進(jìn)電機(jī)繞組電流以盡可能短的時(shí)間上升到額定值,從而提高電機(jī)高速運(yùn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)矩,造成低速運(yùn)行時(shí)
2、的振動(dòng)和噪音加大。并且為滿足用戶對不同步距角的要求。本文在調(diào)研各種驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于電流追蹤型脈寬調(diào)制(PWM)技術(shù)的多細(xì)分兩相混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器,包括硬件設(shè)計(jì)、軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)。正弦電流細(xì)分技術(shù)基本上克服了傳統(tǒng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)低速振動(dòng)大和噪音大的缺點(diǎn),減小發(fā)生共振的幾率。電流追蹤型脈寬調(diào)制(PWM)技術(shù)使電機(jī)運(yùn)行在較大速度范圍內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)矩保持恒定。以滿足不同用戶和不同電機(jī)的要求,該驅(qū)動(dòng)器的功率驅(qū)動(dòng)部分使用NMOS智能功率模塊,提高了驅(qū)動(dòng)器可靠性。驅(qū)動(dòng)器細(xì)分運(yùn)行時(shí)減弱了混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的低速振動(dòng),電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn),大大減輕了噪聲;同時(shí)該驅(qū)動(dòng)器具有較小的體積、較低的成本和較高的可靠性。關(guān)鍵詞:混合式步進(jìn)電
3、機(jī)細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)器脈寬調(diào)制-47-AbstractThesteppermotorisanelectromechanicaldevicethatconvertselectricalpulsesintodiscretemechanicalmovements.Theadvantagesofsteppermotorareprecisepositioningandnon-cumulativemovementerrorfromonesteptothenext.Comparedtoclosedloopcontrol,openloopoperationofsteppermotorismorereliableand
4、lessexpensive.Thedisadvantagesinusingastepmotorarevibrationandnoiseatlowspeeds,resonancewhenthemotorisoperatedatoraroundthenaturalresonancefrequency,motortorquedecreasingwithspeedincreasing.Thesedisadvantageslimitstepmotor'sapplication.Stepmotorcannotworkwithoutstepmotordriver.Itsperformanceisclose
5、relatedtosteppermotordriver.Traditionally,amotordriveristoprovidetheratedcurrenttothemotorwindingsintheshortestpossibletime,helpingtomaintainhighspeedtorque.Asaresult,motor'svibrationandnoiseisgreateratlowspeeds.Otherwise,manytypesofstepmotoranddriverhavetobeproducedinordertosatisfycustomer'sneedfo
6、rdifferentstepanglesAfterstudymanykindsofdrivertechnology,amicrosteppingdriverfortwo-phasehybridsteppermotorhasbeendesigned.ThedriveradoptssinewavecurrentsubdividingandcurrenttrackingPWMtechnology.Sinewavecurrentsubdividingtechnologynotonlyovercomesthedisadvantagesofmotor'svibrationandnoiseatlowspe
7、edsbutalsoreducesprobabilityofresonance.CurrenttrackingPWMtechnologycanmaintainconstanttorquewithinwidespeedrange.Outputphasecurrentthatcanmeettheneedof-47-differentcustomerandmotor.Thepowerstageofthisdrive