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1、智課網(wǎng)TOEFL備考資料為何樂觀者更健康長壽一托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景Studiessuggestoptimistslivelongerandenjoybetterhealththanpessimists.Therealmysteryiswhy.Amongthefindingsofvariousstudies:Highlyoptimisticpeoplehavesignificantlylowerdeathrates.Optimisticcoronarybypasspatientsarehalfaslikelyaspessimiststorequirere-hospitalization.Peop
2、lewithpositiveemotionshavelowerbloodpressure.Themostpessimisticmenaremorethantwiceaslikelytodevelopheartdiseasecomparedwiththemostoptimistic.Butisitoptimismthatmakespeoplehealthy,ordohealthypeopleunderstandablyhaveabrighteroutlook?Togetabetterhandleonthings,scientistshaveadjustedtheiranalysesinrec
3、entyearstoaccountforpre-existingmedicalconditions.Studiesthatmadetheseadjustmentsfoundthatexistingillnessesdon'tnegatethebenefitsofoptimism,accordingtotheMay2008issueofHarvardMen’sHealthWatch.Inoneexampleofhowhumanskeeptheirspiritsupnomatterwhat,researchersfoundolderpeoplesufferingvariousillnesses
4、stillsaidtheythoughttheywereagingwell.Anotherstudyfoundthatthesickanddisableddon'twallowinmiseryasiscommonlybelieved.Optimism,anotherstudyfound,triggersactivityinthesamebrainareathatisknowntomalfunctionamongthedepressed.Butwhyisoptimismsobeneficial?Perhapsoptimistsenjoybetterhealthandlongerlivesbe
5、causetheyleadhealthierlifestyles,buildstrongersocialsupportnetworks,andgetbettermedicalcare,theHealthWatcharticlesuggested.Also,stressisknowntokill,releasinghormonesthatcausedeteriorationofeverythingfromyourgumstoyourheart.Optimistsmighthavelowerlevelsofstresshormones.Hereditycouldplayarole,too.It
6、ispossiblethatgenespredisposesomepeopletooptimism,andthatthesamegenesaffecthealthandlongevity.Morestudyisneeded,theHealthWatcharticlecontends,becauseit'slikelythatmultiplemechanismsareinvolved.多項(xiàng)研究表明，樂觀者比悲觀者更健康長壽?？善渲械脑騾s一直是個(gè)謎。各項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示：十分樂觀的人死亡率明顯較低。在接受過心臟搭橋手術(shù)的病人中，樂觀的病人再次入院的幾率為悲觀者的一半。情緒樂觀的人血壓相對較低。最
7、悲觀的人患心臟病的幾率為最樂觀者的兩倍多?？蓡栴}在于，究竟是樂觀讓人健康還是健康的人更加樂觀?為了弄清這一問題，近年來科學(xué)家們調(diào)整了研究方法以解釋現(xiàn)有疾病(對樂觀情緒的影響)。據(jù)今年5月號的《哈佛男性健康觀察》，經(jīng)調(diào)整后的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)有的各種病癥不會(huì)影響樂觀情緒的積極作用。其中一項(xiàng)研究對人們在任何情況下如何保持樂觀情緒的問題進(jìn)行了探究，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一些受多種疾病困擾的老年人仍然覺得自己過得很好。另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，病殘人士并
