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1、作物學(xué)報(bào)ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(9):1402?1410http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cn.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01402水稻穗分化期高溫脅迫對(duì)穎花退化及籽粒充實(shí)的影響*****王亞梁張玉屏朱德峰向鏡武輝陳惠哲張義凱中國(guó)水稻研究所/水稻生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,浙江杭州310006摘要:為明確水稻穗分化期高溫脅迫對(duì)穎花退化和籽粒充實(shí)的影響,選用耐熱性品種黃華占和熱敏感性品種豐兩優(yōu)6號(hào)進(jìn)行人工氣候
2、箱盆栽試驗(yàn),于倒一葉心葉抽出時(shí)(花粉母細(xì)胞形成至減數(shù)分裂期)進(jìn)行高溫處理(10:00—15:00,40℃)1d、3d、5d、7d、9d,并以同時(shí)段適溫處理(10:00—15:00,32℃)為參考,自然條件下生長(zhǎng)的植株為對(duì)照,分析不同持續(xù)天數(shù)高溫對(duì)穎花退化、花器官發(fā)育和籽粒充實(shí)的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)隨著處理天數(shù)的增加,高溫加劇穎花退化,與適溫處理及CK相比,高溫處理9d黃華占穎花退化率增加45.8%和62.9%,豐兩優(yōu)6號(hào)穎花退化率增加81.7%和136.1%,豐兩優(yōu)6號(hào)增加幅度大于黃華占。(2)高溫處理1~3d降低花粉活力,5~9d抑制花藥充實(shí)。花藥發(fā)育不良,花粉形成受阻是導(dǎo)致結(jié)實(shí)率
3、顯著下降的原因,兩品種趨勢(shì)一致。(3)高溫處理縮短穎花長(zhǎng)度,降低籽粒充實(shí)性,使千粒重顯著下降,熱敏感性品種豐兩優(yōu)6號(hào)下降幅度大于耐熱性品種黃華占,籽粒充實(shí)在5d以上高溫處理下降顯著。研究說(shuō)明倒一葉生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期高溫脅迫影響穗生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,生產(chǎn)中需加強(qiáng)相應(yīng)栽培措施的調(diào)控。關(guān)鍵詞:水稻;高溫脅迫;穎花退化;花藥發(fā)育;籽粒充實(shí)EffectofHeatStressonSpikeletDegenerationandGrainFillingatPanicleIni-tiationPeriodofRice*****WANGYa-Liang,ZHANGYu-Ping,ZHUDe-Feng,XIANGJing,W
4、UHui,CHENHui-Zhe,andZHANGYi-KaiChinaNationalRiceResearchInstitute/StateKeyLaboratoryofRiceBiology,Hangzhou310006,ChinaAbstract:Potexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofheatstressonricespikeletsdegenerationandgrainfillingatpanicleinitiationstage.Atolerant(Huanghuazhan)andasusceptible(Fen
5、gliangyou6)cultivarsweretreatedinphytotronwithhightemperature(10:00–15:00,40℃)andnormaltemperature(10:00–15:00,32℃)forone,three,five,seven,andninedaysatlastleafemergencestage,withthesegrownundernaturalconditionascontrol.Theresultsindicatedthattheratioofspikeletde-generationincreasedgreatlywithin
6、creasingheat-treatingtime.TheratioofspikeletdegenerationofHuanghuazhanincreased45.8%and62.9%afterninedaysunderhightemperatureascomparedwithnormaltemperaturetreatment(control),andtheratioofFengliangyou6increased81.7%and136.1%inthesametreatment,showinghigherratioofspikeletdegenerationinFenglian-gy
7、ou6thanHuanghuazhan.Thepollenactivitysignificantlydecreasedafteronedayunderhightemperaturestress,andantherformationsignificantlyinhibitedafterfivedaysunderhightemperaturestress.Badantherformationandpoorpollenactivityun-derhe
