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1、棉花學報CottonScience2015袁27淵3冤院248―253秸稈還田對濱海鹽堿地棉苗光合特性及生長的影響*馮國藝袁張謙袁王樹林袁祁虹袁杜海英袁李智峰袁梁青龍袁林永增淵河北省農林科學院棉花研究所/農業(yè)部黃淮海半干旱區(qū)棉花生物學與遺傳育種重點實驗室袁河北石家莊050051冤摘要院為探討秸稈還田對濱海重度鹽堿地棉苗光合特性及生長的影響袁設置增施有機肥堯播前秸稈還田堯冬前秸稈還田3個處理袁測定了棉花苗期3個層次土壤含鹽量堯水分和容重袁棉花葉片光合參數堯葉片SPAD值以及干物質積累和棉花產量遙結果表明袁與對照相比袁增施有機肥和秸稈還田的處理各個土層含鹽
2、量和容重明顯降低袁棉苗葉片LAI和SPAD明顯增大袁光合能力提高袁干物質積累量堯根冠比以及棉花產量明顯增加遙其中袁冬前秸稈還田各土層含鹽量低于2.00g窯kg－1袁容重保持在1.15～1.40g窯cm－3袁葉片SPAD值高于40.0袁LAI提高65.5%袁光合性能系數增高23.4%～92.8%袁非光化學淬滅系數(NPQ)降低12.2%袁干物質積累總量增大46.3%袁根冠比提高56.5%袁產量提高36.2%遙因此袁在本試驗條件下袁冬前秸稈還田更有利于濱海鹽堿地改良及棉苗的正常生長遙關鍵詞院棉花曰濱海鹽堿地曰秸稈還田曰光合特性中圖分類號院S562.01文獻
3、標志碼院A文章編號院1002-7807淵2015冤03-0248-0610.11963/issn.1002-7807.201503008*FengGuoyi,ZhangQian,WangShulin,QiHong袁DuHaiying,LiZhifeng,LiangQinglong,LinYongzeng(050051,)Threedifferenttreatmentsweredesignedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofreturningstrawatdifferenttimesonthephysic-chemicalpropert
4、iesofsoilandthephotosyntheticcharacteristicsofcottonseedlingsinasalinecoastalarea.Thetestswereperformedinsaline-alkalinefields:(1)withincreasedorganicfertilizer;(2)withstrawreturnedbeforeplanting;and(3)strawreturnedbeforewinter.Therewasalsoacontrolplot(CK).Theleafareaindex(LAI),
5、photosyntheticcharacteristicsandrelativechlorophyllcontent(SPAD)ofcottonseedlingleaf,drymatteraccumulationandyieldofcottonweremeasured.Thesaltcontent,moistureandsoilbulkdensityofsoilatadepthof0-40cmwerealsodeterminedhierarchicallyattheseedlingstage.Resultsshowedthat,comparedwith
6、CK,thesaltcontentandbulkdensityofsoilhadclearlydecreased.Somecharacteristicsin-creasedsignificantly,suchasroot:shootratio,LAIandSPADofthecottonleaf.Thegasexchangeandchlorophyllfluorescenceparametersofthecottonleafimprovedunderalltreatments.Drymatteraccumulation,especiallyrootwei
7、ght,increasedsignifi-cantlyundertheorganicfertilizertreatmentandwhenstrawwasreturned.Theeffectofreturningstrawbeforewinterwasmoreobviousthaneffectsfromthetwoothertreatments.Thesaltcontentwaslowerthan2.00g窯kg－1andthebulkdensitywasbe-tween1.15g窯cm－3and1.40g窯cm－3whenstrawwasreturne
8、dbeforewinter.ComparedwithCK,theleafSPADvaluewa
