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1、IPartsofSpeech(詞性)一、詞性的分類 詞類又叫詞性,英語單詞根據其在句子中的功用,可以分成九個大類?!?名詞nounn.student學生2代詞pronounpron.you你3形容詞adjectiveadj.happy高興的 4副詞adverbadv.quickly迅速地5動詞verbv.cut砍、割6冠詞articleart.a一個 7介詞prepositionprep.at在...8連詞conjunctionconj.and和9感嘆詞interjectioninterj.oh哦IISentenceComponent(句子成分)Subject(主語
2、)Predicateverb(謂語)Object(賓語)Predicative(表語)Attribute(定語)Adverbial(狀語)Complement(補語)ThestudentsofClassTwoare?seriouslyreadingthebook?writtenbyLuXun.按句子成分劃分,此句為:Thestudents?ofClassTwo?are?seriouslyreadingthebook?writtenbyLuXun.(主語)????(定語)(謂語)(狀語)?(謂語)?(賓語)??(定語)按意群劃分,此句為:ThestudentsofCla
3、ssTwo?are?seriouslyreading?thebook?writtenbyLuXun.?一、英語各種成分的基本含義及用法(一)、主語?1.Peterisawell-knownpianist.(名詞作主語)?2.Two-thirdsofthestudentsareboysinourschool.(數詞詞組作主語)?3.Helikesreadingstorybooks.(代詞作主語)?4.ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式短語作主語)?5.Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.(從句作
4、主語)?6.Ittookustwohourstotravelaroundthecitybysubway.(It是形式主語,totravel...部分是真正的主語)請指出下列句中主語的中心詞。1.Theteacherwithtwoofherstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.2.Thereisabirdflyinginthesky.3.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.4.Itisverydifficulttodotoday'shomeworkwithoutyourhelp.?(二
5、)、謂語?1.Hisparentsareteachers.(系動詞和表語一起作謂語)2.Westudyhard.(行為動詞作謂語)3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語)4.HecanspeakEnglish.(情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語)請選出下列句中謂語的中心詞。1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.3.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?4.Didthetwinshaveporr
6、idgefortheirbreakfast?5.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.??????(三)、賓語1.Weoftenhelphim.(代詞作賓語)2.Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作賓語)3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.(動名詞短語作賓語)4.Shesaid?thatshefeltsick.?(從句做賓語)?Thesungivesuslightandwarmth.(us為間接賓語,lightandwarmth為直接賓語)?1、間接賓語多指人,直接賓語多指物。可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有:bring,
7、give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。2、如果強調直接賓語,可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面,但間接賓語前須加介詞“to”或“for”。接to的動詞有:give,bring,pass,lend,sell,send,show,tell,write等。Giveyourmothertheletter.=Givethelettertoyourmother.直接賓語間接賓語接for的動詞有:buy,find,cook,draw,get,sing等。Canyoufindmemybag?=Canyoufindmybagf