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1、英語長、難句子翻譯技巧虛擬語氣(SubjunctiveMood)虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式,表示所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí),而只是一種假設(shè),愿望,建議,懷疑,猜測或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的空想。I.虛擬語氣用在條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣用在條件狀語從句中,通常從句由連詞if引導(dǎo),通常表達(dá)三種含義:1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句2.與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句3.與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句注意:在條件狀語從句中,如果有were,should,had,可以把連詞if省去,把were,should,had提前放在句首,構(gòu)成條件意義。1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句條件
2、狀語從句:If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式(be的過去式用were)主句:主語+would/should/could/might+原形動(dòng)詞E.g.IfIfeareddeath,Iwouldn’tbeacommunist.怕死就不做共產(chǎn)黨員。Iftherewerenoair,wecouldn’tlive.如果沒有空氣,我們就不能生活。1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句條件狀語從句:If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式(be的過去式用were)主句:主語+would/should/could/might+原形動(dòng)詞E.g.IfIfeareddeath,Iwouldn’tbea
3、communist.怕死就不做共產(chǎn)黨員。Iftherewerenoair,wecouldn’tlive.如果沒有空氣,我們就不能生活。Exercise:IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI__him.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.knowI___ittohimifIthoughthewouldunderstand.A.shallexplainB.willexplainC.wouldexplainD.explain2.與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句條件狀語從句:If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去完成式主
4、句:主語+would,should,could,might+have+過去分詞E.g.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.如果你早來幾分鐘,你就會(huì)碰上他。Iftherehadbeennoairinthetube,theresultoftheexperimentwouldhavebeenmoreaccurate.如果試管中沒有空氣,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果就會(huì)更精確。Exercise:Ifyouhadn’tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,___.A.youwouldm
5、eetJohnalreadyB.youwon’thavemissedJohnC.youwillhavemetJohnD.youwouldhavemetJohn3.與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句條件狀語從句:If+主語+should+原形動(dòng)詞,或If+主語+were+不定式+原形動(dòng)詞主句:主語+would/should/could/might+原形動(dòng)詞E.g.Ifheweretocometomorrow,thingswouldbeeasier.假如他明天會(huì)來,事情就容易辦了。Ifthesandshouldbebrokenup,itwouldgive
6、outmuchenergy.如果沙子能被分解,它會(huì)釋放出大量的能量。注:在表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句中,從句中的should有時(shí)可以省略。E.g.Ifhemakethedesign,hemightdoitinsomeotherway.要是他來搞這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì),他可能用另外的方法設(shè)計(jì)。Exercise:Ifthesea____torise50feet,Indiawouldbecomeanisland.A.willB.isC.wasD.wereIfyou____toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?A.areB.willbeg
7、oingC.mustD.were錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語氣在一些含有虛擬語氣的句子中,如果主句與從句的謂語表示不同的時(shí)間,虛擬語氣可有不同形式,即主句與從句各自按自己的時(shí)間構(gòu)成虛擬形式。E.g.IfIhadmethimbefore,Icouldrecognizehim.要是我以前遇見過他,我就能認(rèn)出他了。(從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,主句表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反)Ifweweredrivingataspeedof100Lianhour,wewouldhavearrivedthere2hoursago.如果我們的行車速度每小時(shí)100里,兩小時(shí)以前我們就會(huì)到
8、達(dá)那里了。(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過去事實(shí)相反)省略連詞if在條件狀語從句中,如果有were,should,had,可以把連詞if省去,把were,should