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1、Unit2Unit2Whatishappinesstoyou?Overview:infinitive,verb-ingandverb-ed(II)Grammarandusage1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)不定式作狀語(yǔ)常用來(lái)表目的、結(jié)果或原因等。e.g.Weeattolive,butwedon’tlivetoeat.(目的)Whathashesaidtomakeyousohappy?(結(jié)果)一、作狀語(yǔ)Sheburstintotearstohearthebadnews.(原因)注意:表目的的不定式還常與soas或inorder連用，構(gòu)成soas(not)todo和i
2、norder(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。e.g.Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.(2)不定式可用于作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)。e.g.Becarefulnottocatchcold. Themaniseasytogetalongwith.(3)不定式常與too或enough連用，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。e.g.
3、Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool/tobesenttoschool. =Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool/tobesenttoschool.(4)不定式有時(shí)用于so...astodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作狀語(yǔ)。e.g.Willyoubesokindastohelpmewiththework?(5)有時(shí)，不定式還可修飾一個(gè)句子，表明說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。常見(jiàn)的這類不定式有totellyouthetruth，tobehonest，tobefrank，tobefair等。e.g.Totellyouthetruth,Ido
4、n’tlikethefilm.2.-ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語(yǔ)(1)-ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)，多說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景、方式或伴隨情況。如果在邏輯上句中的主語(yǔ)與分詞有主謂關(guān)系，用-ing分詞，有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用-ed分詞。e.g.Weenjoyedourselvesinthepark,singinganddancing. Builtin1900,thehouseisnow100yearsold.(2)-ing分詞和-ed分詞都可作原因或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。如果在邏輯上句中的主語(yǔ)與分詞有主謂關(guān)系用-ing分詞，有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用-e
5、d分詞。e.g.Beingsopoorinthosedays,theycouldn’tsendtheboytoschool.(原因) Borninapoorfamily,theboycouldnotgotoschool.(原因) Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.(時(shí)間) Seenfromthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.(時(shí)間)(3)-ing分詞有時(shí)可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。e.g.Herhusbanddiedinthewar,leavingherawidowwiththreechildren.
6、 Wegotupveryearly,arrivingatthehospitalaheadoftime.(4)-ed分詞有時(shí)用作條件狀語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.(5)如果不定式或分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，該不定式或分詞用完成式。e.g.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Havingnever/Nothavingmetthemanbefore,Icouldn’trecognizehimatfirst. Ha
7、vingfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttoplayfootball.(6)分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為“獨(dú)立主格”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.(原因)Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.（時(shí)間）Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.（原因）Weatherpermitt
8、ing,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.
