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1、Unit2Unit2Whatishappinesstoyou?Overview:infinitive,verb-ingandverb-ed(II)Grammarandusage1.不定式作狀語(1)不定式作狀語常用來表目的、結(jié)果或原因等。e.g.Weeattolive,butwedon’tlivetoeat.(目的)Whathashesaidtomakeyousohappy?(結(jié)果)一、作狀語Sheburstintotearstohearthebadnews.(原因)注意:表目的的不定式還常與soas或inorder連用，構(gòu)成soas(not)todo和i
2、norder(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。e.g.Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.(2)不定式可用于作表語或補語的形容詞之后作狀語。e.g.Becarefulnottocatchcold. Themaniseasytogetalongwith.(3)不定式常與too或enough連用，在句中作狀語。e.g.
3、Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool/tobesenttoschool. =Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool/tobesenttoschool.(4)不定式有時用于so...astodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作狀語。e.g.Willyoubesokindastohelpmewiththework?(5)有時，不定式還可修飾一個句子，表明說話人的態(tài)度。常見的這類不定式有totellyouthetruth，tobehonest，tobefrank，tobefair等。e.g.Totellyouthetruth,Ido
4、n’tlikethefilm.2.-ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語(1)-ing分詞和-ed分詞作狀語修飾謂語，多說明動作發(fā)生的背景、方式或伴隨情況。如果在邏輯上句中的主語與分詞有主謂關系，用-ing分詞，有動賓關系則用-ed分詞。e.g.Weenjoyedourselvesinthepark,singinganddancing. Builtin1900,thehouseisnow100yearsold.(2)-ing分詞和-ed分詞都可作原因或時間狀語,其作用相當于一個相應的狀語從句。如果在邏輯上句中的主語與分詞有主謂關系用-ing分詞，有動賓關系則用-e
5、d分詞。e.g.Beingsopoorinthosedays,theycouldn’tsendtheboytoschool.(原因) Borninapoorfamily,theboycouldnotgotoschool.(原因) Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.(時間) Seenfromthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.(時間)(3)-ing分詞有時可作結(jié)果狀語。e.g.Herhusbanddiedinthewar,leavingherawidowwiththreechildren.
6、 Wegotupveryearly,arrivingatthehospitalaheadoftime.(4)-ed分詞有時用作條件狀語，其作用相當于一個條件狀語從句。e.g.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.(5)如果不定式或分詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生，該不定式或分詞用完成式。e.g.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Havingnever/Nothavingmetthemanbefore,Icouldn’trecognizehimatfirst. Ha
7、vingfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttoplayfootball.(6)分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為“獨立主格”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.(原因)Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.（時間）Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.（原因）Weatherpermitt
8、ing,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.
