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1、摘要圖像增強(qiáng)是指依據(jù)圖像所存在的問(wèn)題，按特定的需要突出一幅圖像中的某些信息，同時(shí)，削弱或去除某些冗余信息的處理方法。其主要目的是使得處理后的圖像對(duì)給定的應(yīng)用比原來(lái)的圖像更加有效同時(shí)可以有效的改善圖像質(zhì)量。圖像增強(qiáng)技術(shù)主要包含直方圖修改處理、圖像平滑化處理、圖像尖銳化處理和彩色處理技術(shù)等。圖像增強(qiáng)單純從技術(shù)上可分成兩大類：一類是頻域處理法；一類是空域處理法?？臻g域的算法分為點(diǎn)運(yùn)算算法和鄰域去噪算法。點(diǎn)運(yùn)算算法即灰度級(jí)校正、灰度變換和直方圖修正等，目的或使圖像成像均勻，或擴(kuò)大圖像動(dòng)態(tài)范圍，擴(kuò)展對(duì)比度。鄰域增強(qiáng)算法分為圖像平滑和銳化兩種。平滑一般用于消除圖像噪聲
2、，但是也容易引起邊緣的模糊。銳化的目的在于突出物體的邊緣輪廓，便于目標(biāo)識(shí)別。本文先對(duì)圖像增強(qiáng)的原理進(jìn)行概述，然后對(duì)圖像增強(qiáng)的方法分類并給出直方圖增強(qiáng)、對(duì)比度增強(qiáng)，平滑和銳化等幾種常用的增強(qiáng)方法、彩色圖像增強(qiáng)的理論基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)MATLAB實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的實(shí)際處理效果來(lái)對(duì)比各種算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，討論不同的增強(qiáng)算法的技術(shù)要點(diǎn)，并對(duì)其圖像增強(qiáng)方法進(jìn)行性能評(píng)價(jià)。關(guān)鍵詞：圖像增強(qiáng)；直方圖；平滑；銳化AbstractImageenhancementisbasedontheproblemsexistingintheimages,accordingtothespecificneedto
3、highlightsomeoftheinformationinanimage,atthesametime,toweakenorremovesomeredundantinformationprocessingmethod.Itsmainpurposeistomaketheimageafterprocessingforagivenapplicationismoreeffectivethantheoriginalimageatthesametimecaneffectivelyimprovetheimagequality.Imageenhancementtechn
4、ologymainlyincludeshistogrammodification,imagesmoothingprocessing,imageintensificationprocessingandcolorprocessingtechnology,etc.Imageenhancementispurefromthetechnologycanbedividedintotwocategories:oneisfrequencydomainprocessingmethod;Onekindisspatialprocessingmethod.Spatialdomain
5、algorithmisdividedintotheneighborhooddenoisingarithmeticalgorithmandalgorithm.Algorithmnamelygrayscalecorrectionarithmetic,suchasgraytransformandhistogrammodification,purposeorforuniformimageimaging,orexpandthedynamicrangeimage,expandthecontrast.Neighborhoodenhancementalgorithmint
6、oimagesmoothingandsharpeningtwokinds.Smoothgenerallyusedtoeliminateimagenoise,butalsoeasytocausetheedgeofthefuzzy.Sharpenthepurposeistohighlighttheedgecontouroftheobject,isadvantageousforthetargetidentification.Thispaperfirstsummarizedtheprincipleofimageenhancement,andimageenhance
7、mentmethodofclassificationandhistogramenhancement,contrastenhancement,suchassmoothingandsharpeningofseveralcommonenhancementmethod,thetheoreticalbasisofcolorimageenhancement,throughpracticalprocessingeffectofMATLABexperimentcomparedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofvariousalgorithms,
8、discussedthemaintechnicalpointsof
