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1、被動語態(tài)的基本用法一.?何時(shí)使用被動語態(tài)1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要如：Paper?is?made?from?wood.The?house?is?quite?old.?It?was?built?in?1950.He?was?wounded?in?the?fight.2.?需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時(shí)如：Calwlator?can't?be?used?in?the?maths?exam.Books?and?newspapers?in?the?reading?room?mustn't?be?taken?away.He?was?awarded
2、?first?prize?in?that?contest.3為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。如：The?construction?of?the?new?lab?must?be?completed?by?the?end?of?next?month.Electricity?is?used?to?run?machines.二.?被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1.?be+done?可以是被動語態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。被動語態(tài)中，done可以帶by短語，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當(dāng)于adj.?不
3、帶?by短語。如：The?question?is?settled.?(系表結(jié)構(gòu))Such?questions?are?settled?by?us.?(被動語態(tài))The?composition?is?well?written.?(系表結(jié)構(gòu))??The?composition?is?written?with?great?care?.?(被動語態(tài))The?job?was?well?done.?(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The?job?was?well?done?by?a?skilled?worker.?(被動語態(tài))2.?許多verbs(broken,?int
4、erested,?shut,?worried),?既可以用做adj.也可以在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞。句中如果有by，通常是被動語態(tài)。如：I?was?worried?abeutyou?all?night.?(表狀態(tài))I?was?worried?by?mosquitoes?all?night.?(表動作)The?glass?was?broken?by?Jack.?(表動作)The?glass?is?broken.?(表狀態(tài))I?was?frightened?by?his?ghost?story.She?was?frightened?at?t
5、he?sight?of?a?snake.三.??不同形式的被動語態(tài)1.?含有直賓和間賓的主動結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍訒r(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z。如：He?showed?me?his?pictures.I?was?shown?his?pictures?by?him.His?pictures?were?shown?to?me?by?him.Aunt?made?me?a?new?dress.I?was?made?a?new?dress?by?aunt.A?new?dress?was?made?for?m
6、e?by?aunt.He?sent?me?a?birthday?present.I?was?sent?a?birthday?present?by?him.A?birthday?present?was?sent?to?me?by?him.2含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，賓補(bǔ)不變。（1）將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。如：They?call?her?XiaoLi.??????She?is?called?XiaoLi.??He?left?the?door?open.???????The?door?war?left?open?by?him.（2）make,?l
7、et,?have,hear,?watch,?see,?feel,?notice.?help既動詞后變做賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加to，變?yōu)楸粍?，必須加to?.如：My?brother?often?made?me?do?this?and?that?when?I?was?young.I?was?often?made?to?do?this?and?that?by?my?brother?when?I?young.I?heard?her?move?about?in?her?room?upstairs?last?night.She?was?heard?to
8、?move?about?in?her?room?uptairs?last?night.Did?you?see?Jack?take?away?the?magazine?Was?Jack?seen
