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1、英語復習一.翻譯Unit1PresentingaSpeechStephenLucasOfallhumancreations,languagemaybethemostremarkable.Throughlanguageweshareexperiences,formulatevalues,exchangeideas,transmitknowledge,andsustainculture.Indeed,languageisvitaltothinkingitself.Contrarytopopularbeli
2、ef,languagedoesnotsimplymirrorrealitybutalsohelpstocreateoursenseofrealitybygivingmeaningtoevents.在人類創(chuàng)造的萬物中,語言可能是最卓越的一項創(chuàng)造。通過語言,我們可以分享經(jīng)驗、闡明價值觀念、交流思想、傳播知識、傳承文化。確實,語言對于思想本身至關重要。和流行的信仰不同的是:語言并不是簡單地反映事實,而是通過對事件意義的思考來幫助人們感悟現(xiàn)實。Goodspeakershaverespectforlanguag
3、eandknowhowitworks.Wordsarethetoolsofaspeaker’scraft.Theyhavespecialuses,justlikethetoolsofanyotherprofession.Asaspeaker,youshouldbeawareofthemeaningsofwordsandknowhowtouselanguageaccurately,clearly,vividly,andappropriately.優(yōu)秀的演說者尊重語言并懂得如何駕馭語言。語言是演說者展示才
4、能的工具,對于他們來說,如同其他職業(yè)的工具一樣,語言也有特殊的功用。作為一名演說者,你應該意識到話語的意義,并懂得如何準確無誤地使用語言,使其表達清楚,趣味橫生,恰如其分。Usinglanguageaccuratelyisasvitaltoaspeakerasusingnumbersaccuratelyistoanaccountant.Neveruseawordunlessyouaresureofitsmeaning.Ifyouarenotsure,lookupthewordinadictionary
5、.Asyouprepareyourspeeches,askyourselfconstantly,“WhatdoIreallywanttosay?WhatdoIreallymean?”Choosewordsthatarepreciseandaccurate.如同數(shù)字對于會計的重要性一樣,準確地使用語言對于演說者至關重要。在沒有確切知道一個詞語的意思之前,千萬不要盲目使用。碰到?jīng)]有把握的詞語,一定要查詞典追根究底。當你準備演講之前,一定要不斷地問自己:“我究竟想說些什么?我究竟想表達什么樣的意思?”因此,
6、對于一篇演講稿的用詞來說,必須準確無誤。Usinglanguageclearlyallowslistenerstograspyourmeaningimmediately.Youcanensurethisbyusingfamiliarwordsthatareknowntotheaveragepersonandrequirenospecializedbackground;bychoosingconcretewordsinpreferencetomoreabstractones,andbyeliminati
7、ngverbalclutter.如果語言表達清楚無誤,聽眾就能很快抓住你的意思。鑒于此,演說者應該使用那些對于大多數(shù)人來說非常熟悉的詞語,這些詞語不需要任何專業(yè)背景就能夠理解;演說者應該使用那些表達具體而不是相對抽象的詞語;并且千萬不要亂堆砌辭藻,嘩眾取寵。Usinglanguagevividlyhelpsbringyourspeechtolife.Onewaytomakeyourlanguagemorevividisthroughimagery,orthecreationofwordpictures
8、.Youcandevelopimagerybyusingconcretelanguage,simile,andmetaphor.Simileisanexplicitcomparisonbetweenthingsthatareessentiallydifferentyethavesomethingincommon;italwayscontainsthewords“l(fā)ike”or“as.”Metaphorisanimplicitcomparisonbetwe