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1、英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)一.翻譯Unit1PresentingaSpeechStephenLucasOfallhumancreations,languagemaybethemostremarkable.Throughlanguageweshareexperiences,formulatevalues,exchangeideas,transmitknowledge,andsustainculture.Indeed,languageisvitaltothinkingitself.Contrarytopopularbel
2、ief,languagedoesnotsimplymirrorrealitybutalsohelpstocreateoursenseofrealitybygivingmeaningtoevents.在人類創(chuàng)造的萬(wàn)物中,語(yǔ)言可能是最卓越的一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造。通過(guò)語(yǔ)言,我們可以分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)、闡明價(jià)值觀念、交流思想、傳播知識(shí)、傳承文化。確實(shí),語(yǔ)言對(duì)于思想本身至關(guān)重要。和流行的信仰不同的是:語(yǔ)言并不是簡(jiǎn)單地反映事實(shí),而是通過(guò)對(duì)事件意義的思考來(lái)幫助人們感悟現(xiàn)實(shí)。Goodspeakershaverespectforlangu
3、ageandknowhowitworks.Wordsarethetoolsofaspeaker’scraft.Theyhavespecialuses,justlikethetoolsofanyotherprofession.Asaspeaker,youshouldbeawareofthemeaningsofwordsandknowhowtouselanguageaccurately,clearly,vividly,andappropriately.優(yōu)秀的演說(shuō)者尊重語(yǔ)言并懂得如何駕馭語(yǔ)言。語(yǔ)言是演說(shuō)者
4、展示才能的工具,對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō),如同其他職業(yè)的工具一樣,語(yǔ)言也有特殊的功用。作為一名演說(shuō)者,你應(yīng)該意識(shí)到話語(yǔ)的意義,并懂得如何準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地使用語(yǔ)言,使其表達(dá)清楚,趣味橫生,恰如其分。Usinglanguageaccuratelyisasvitaltoaspeakerasusingnumbersaccuratelyistoanaccountant.Neveruseawordunlessyouaresureofitsmeaning.Ifyouarenotsure,lookupthewordinadictio
5、nary.Asyouprepareyourspeeches,askyourselfconstantly,“WhatdoIreallywanttosay?WhatdoIreallymean?”Choosewordsthatarepreciseandaccurate.如同數(shù)字對(duì)于會(huì)計(jì)的重要性一樣,準(zhǔn)確地使用語(yǔ)言對(duì)于演說(shuō)者至關(guān)重要。在沒(méi)有確切知道一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的意思之前,千萬(wàn)不要盲目使用。碰到?jīng)]有把握的詞語(yǔ),一定要查詞典追根究底。當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備演講之前,一定要不斷地問(wèn)自己:“我究竟想說(shuō)些什么?我究竟想表達(dá)什么樣的意思
6、?”因此,對(duì)于一篇演講稿的用詞來(lái)說(shuō),必須準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。Usinglanguageclearlyallowslistenerstograspyourmeaningimmediately.Youcanensurethisbyusingfamiliarwordsthatareknowntotheaveragepersonandrequirenospecializedbackground;bychoosingconcretewordsinpreferencetomoreabstractones,andbyeli
7、minatingverbalclutter.如果語(yǔ)言表達(dá)清楚無(wú)誤,聽(tīng)眾就能很快抓住你的意思。鑒于此,演說(shuō)者應(yīng)該使用那些對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)非常熟悉的詞語(yǔ),這些詞語(yǔ)不需要任何專業(yè)背景就能夠理解;演說(shuō)者應(yīng)該使用那些表達(dá)具體而不是相對(duì)抽象的詞語(yǔ);并且千萬(wàn)不要亂堆砌辭藻,嘩眾取寵。Usinglanguagevividlyhelpsbringyourspeechtolife.Onewaytomakeyourlanguagemorevividisthroughimagery,orthecreationofwordp
8、ictures.Youcandevelopimagerybyusingconcretelanguage,simile,andmetaphor.Simileisanexplicitcomparisonbetweenthingsthatareessentiallydifferentyethavesomethingincommon;italwayscontainsthewords“l(fā)ike”or“as.”Metaphorisanimplicitcomparisonbetwe