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1、2.3TechniquesUsedinE-CWordTranslationEnglishandChinesedifferfromeachothergreatly.WhatisperfectlynaturalinEnglishmayturnouttobeawkwardifdirectlytranslatedintoChinese.Thus,thischapterwillfocusontechniqueswhichhelpthetranslatormakeproperadjustmentintranslatingwo
2、rds.We’lllearntechniquesusedinE-Cwordtranslationfirst,andwithanunderstandingofthebasicterms,we’lllearntechniquesusedinC-Etranslationmoreeasily.2.3.1.1ConversionByconversionwemeanthatintranslationpractice,awordinthesourcelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeech
3、isnotnecessarilyturnedintothesamepartofspeechinthetargetlangue.Awordhasoftentobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeechsoastoconformtotheusageoftargetlanguage.Conversionisoneoftheimportanttechniquesandisneededprimarilybythedifferencesinsyntacticstructureandidioma
4、ticwaysofexpressioninthetwolanguages.Conversionoccursonmanyoccasions.Themostcommonlyseenareasfollows.2.3.1.1ConversionintoVerbs各種語言都有靜態(tài)和動態(tài)的表述方法,區(qū)別在于靜態(tài)或動態(tài)表述方法在某種語言中使用的頻率不同。英語中名詞的使用頻率要高于動詞,這使英語句子常常表現(xiàn)為靜態(tài)。英語廣泛使用名詞便帶來了介詞的頻繁出現(xiàn),這是英語側重靜態(tài)的又一原因。同時英語還通過派生等手段,用非動詞的形式和名詞外
5、的其他詞類表示動作意義,這些表達方式使英語的靜態(tài)特點更為突出。漢語動詞沒有形態(tài)上的變化,也不存在主謂一致的問題,動詞的使用很靈活,動詞的使用頻率也很高,與英語比較而言,體現(xiàn)出的特點是漢語表述以動態(tài)為主,所以英譯漢時英語的名詞、介詞往往轉換為漢語的動詞,有時形容詞和副詞也可轉換為漢語動詞。A.FromNounstoVerbs(1)Hisdrawingsofchildrenareexceptionallygood.他畫孩子畫地特別好。(2)Hedeclaredhiscountry’sfirmsupportforthe
6、Africanpeople’sresistancetoforeignaggressortroops.他宣布他的國家堅決支持非洲人民抵抗外國侵略軍。(3)Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.(ZhouJielunisagoodsinger.)我的一些同學唱歌唱的很好。(周杰侖是個很好的歌手。)(4)Itookitforgrantedthatmotherswerethesandwich-makers,thefinger-paintingappreciatorsandthehomework
7、monitors我覺得母親給孩子做三明治,欣賞他們的指畫,檢查家庭作業(yè),都是理所當然的事。ThenounsinEnglishthatarederivedfromverbsorthatexpresscertainactionscanbeconvertedintoChineseverbs,suchassentences(1)and(2).Andsomenounswiththesuffix–ercanbeconvertedintoverbswhentheyarenotusedtoshowtheprofessionbut
8、areusedtoexpressaction,suchassentences(3)and(4).B.FromPrepositionstoVerbsPrepositionsarefrequentlyusedinEnglish,andmanyofthemactuallyexpressthemeaningofcertainactions,whichareconvertedint