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1、2.3TechniquesUsedinE-CWordTranslationEnglishandChinesedifferfromeachothergreatly.WhatisperfectlynaturalinEnglishmayturnouttobeawkwardifdirectlytranslatedintoChinese.Thus,thischapterwillfocusontechniqueswhichhelpthetranslatormakeproperadjustmentintranslatingwords.We’lllearntechniquesusedinE-Cwo
2、rdtranslationfirst,andwithanunderstandingofthebasicterms,we’lllearntechniquesusedinC-Etranslationmoreeasily.2.3.1.1ConversionByconversionwemeanthatintranslationpractice,awordinthesourcelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilyturnedintothesamepartofspeechinthetargetlangue.Awordha
3、softentobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeechsoastoconformtotheusageoftargetlanguage.Conversionisoneoftheimportanttechniquesandisneededprimarilybythedifferencesinsyntacticstructureandidiomaticwaysofexpressioninthetwolanguages.Conversionoccursonmanyoccasions.Themostcommonlyseenareasfollows.2.3.
4、1.1ConversionintoVerbs各種語言都有靜態(tài)和動態(tài)的表述方法，區(qū)別在于靜態(tài)或動態(tài)表述方法在某種語言中使用的頻率不同。英語中名詞的使用頻率要高于動詞，這使英語句子常常表現(xiàn)為靜態(tài)。英語廣泛使用名詞便帶來了介詞的頻繁出現(xiàn)，這是英語側(cè)重靜態(tài)的又一原因。同時英語還通過派生等手段，用非動詞的形式和名詞外的其他詞類表示動作意義，這些表達(dá)方式使英語的靜態(tài)特點更為突出。漢語動詞沒有形態(tài)上的變化，也不存在主謂一致的問題，動詞的使用很靈活，動詞的使用頻率也很高，與英語比較而言，體現(xiàn)出的特點是漢語表述以動態(tài)為主，所以英譯漢時英語的名詞、介詞往往轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的動詞，有時形容詞和副詞也可轉(zhuǎn)換為漢
5、語動詞。A.FromNounstoVerbs(1)Hisdrawingsofchildrenareexceptionallygood.他畫孩子畫地特別好。(2)Hedeclaredhiscountry’sfirmsupportfortheAfricanpeople’sresistancetoforeignaggressortroops.他宣布他的國家堅決支持非洲人民抵抗外國侵略軍。(3)Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.(ZhouJielunisagoodsinger.)我的一些同學(xué)唱歌唱的很好。（周杰侖是個很好的歌手。）(4)Itookitforg
6、rantedthatmotherswerethesandwich-makers,thefinger-paintingappreciatorsandthehomeworkmonitors我覺得母親給孩子做三明治，欣賞他們的指畫，檢查家庭作業(yè)，都是理所當(dāng)然的事。ThenounsinEnglishthatarederivedfromverbsorthatexpresscertainactionscanbeconvertedintoChineseverbs,suchassentences(1)and(2).Andsomenounswiththesuffix–ercanbeconverted
7、intoverbswhentheyarenotusedtoshowtheprofessionbutareusedtoexpressaction,suchassentences(3)and(4).B.FromPrepositionstoVerbsPrepositionsarefrequentlyusedinEnglish,andmanyofthemactuallyexpressthemeaningofcertainactions,whichareconvertedint
