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1、科技英語翻譯復(fù)習(xí)(課文)Unit1PureandAppliedScience(1)Asstudentsofscience(2)youareprobablysometimespuzzledbytheterms‘pure’and‘a(chǎn)pplied’science.Arethesetwototallydifferentactivities,havinglittleornointerconnection,asisoftenimplied?Letusbeginbyexaminingwhatisdonebyeach.(3)Purescienceisp
2、rimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheories(or,astheyarefrequentlycalled,models)establishingrelationshipsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.(4)Whentheyaresufficientlyvalidated,thesetheories(hypotheses,models)becometheworkinglawsorprinciplesofscience.Incarryingoutthiswork
3、,thepurescientistusuallydisregardsitsapplicationtopracticalaffairs,confininghisattentiontoexplanationsofhowandwhyeventsoccur.Hence,inphysics,theequationsdescribingthebehavioroffundamentalparticles,orinbiology,theestablishmentofthelifecycleofaparticularspeciesofinsectlivi
4、nginaPolarenvironment,(5)aresaidtobeexamplesofpurescience(basicresearch),havingnoapparentconnection(forthemoment)withtechnology,i.e.appliedscience.Appliedscience,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyconcernedwiththeapplicationoftheworkinglawsofpuresciencetothepracticalaffairsoflife,
5、andtoincreasingman’scontroloverhisenvironment,thusleadingtothedevelopmentofnewtechniques,processesandmachines.(6)Suchactivitiesasinvestigatingthestrengthandusesofmaterials,extendingthefindingsofpuremathematicstoimprovethesamplingproceduresusedinagricultureorthesocialscie
6、nces,anddevelopingthepotentialitiesofatomicenergy,areallexamplesoftheworkoftheappliedscientistortechnologist.Itisevidentthatmanybranchesofappliedsciencearepracticalextensionsofpurelytheoreticalorexperimentalwork.Thusthestudyofradioactivitybeganasapieceofpureresearch,buti
7、tsresultsarenowappliedinagreatnumberofdifferentways----incancertreatmentinmedicine,thedevelopmentoffertilizersinagriculture,thestudyofmetal-fatigueinengineering,inmethodsofestimatingtheagesofobjectsinanthropologyandgeology,etc.Conversely,workinappliedscienceandtechnology
8、frequentlyactsasadirectstimulustothedevelopmentofpurescience.Suchaninteractionoccurs,forexample,whenthe
