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1、第一單元P6經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇——生產(chǎn)可能性曲線1.1重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)theimportanteconomicgoals制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策formulateeconomicpolicies自然資源的分配theallocationfornaturalresources政府總支出的限制thelimitationofthegovernment'swholeexpenditure農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)量thewholeoutputofagriculture充分利用各種生產(chǎn)要素makefulluseofeveryfactorofproduction1.2realizethepricestabil
2、ity實現(xiàn)物價穩(wěn)定fasteconomicgrowth快速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長thefallofinflationrate通貨膨脹率下降economicperformanceofthegovernment政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)績reductionintheopportunityofemployment就業(yè)機(jī)會減少theinputofthefactorofproduction生產(chǎn)要素的投入2.1(1)Ourinterestinmicroeconomicsismotivatedbymorethanourneedtounderstandhowthelargeeconomyworks
3、.我們對于微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的關(guān)注不僅僅是出于我們需要了解更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域是怎么運轉(zhuǎn)的。(2)Withintheconfinesofourproductionpossibilitieswehavetochooseamongconsumption,governmentspending,andinvestment.在我們所擁有的生產(chǎn)可能性范圍內(nèi)，我們必須在消費、政府支出和投資之間進(jìn)行選擇。(3)R&Dactivitymaybeaspecific,identifiableactivity(e.g.,inaresearchlab)oritmaybepartofthepro
4、gressof"learningbydoing".研發(fā)活動可能是一項具體的、可識別的活動（例如在一個研究實驗室中所開展的），或者它可能是“干中學(xué)”過程的一部分。(4)Industrialization,whileperhapscostlyintermsofresourceallocation,hasamajorstabilizinginfluencebyreducingdependenceonsinglecropsorproductsintheworldeconomy.從資源分配方面來看，工業(yè)化雖然可能代價高昂，但由于它在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中減少了對個別作物或
5、產(chǎn)品的依賴，因而產(chǎn)生了重要的穩(wěn)定作用。2.2(1)但事實上，在一種貨物價格上漲的情況下，人們購買的數(shù)量可能更多，特別是如果預(yù)計價格將進(jìn)一步上漲。Inreality,however,peoplemaybuymoreofagoodatincreasedprices,especiallyifthepricesareexpectedtoincreasestillfurther.(2)這樣做，我們是出于這樣的信念，即接近正確總比完全錯誤好。Indoingso,wearemotivatedbytheconvictionthatitisbettertobeapprox
6、imatelyrightthantobedeadwrong.(3)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著重于各個消費者具體的支出決定和影響那些決定的各種因素（愛好、價格、收入）。Microeconomicsfocusesonthespecificexpendituredecisionsofindividualconsumersandthefactors(tastes,prices,incomes)thatinfluencethosedecisions.(4)準(zhǔn)備金規(guī)定是指一家銀行資產(chǎn)的一定比例必須處于流動資產(chǎn)的形式，從而按該比例減少可用作貸款的準(zhǔn)備金。Thereserverequ
7、irementisthepercentageofabank'sassetsthatmustbeheldinaliquidform,reducingbythatpercentagethefundsavailabletobeloaned.3Theresourceisgoodsandservicethatcanbeusedtoproducethecommoditiespeopleneed.Andthecriterionofverificationisprice:theeconomicresourceshavegotnon-zeroprices,whilethe
8、unrestrictedresourceshavenoprice.Inaworl
