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1、淺析形式便民與實(shí)質(zhì)利民之沖突摘要:在物權(quán)法的起草、審議過(guò)程中,我國(guó)立法、司法界及其學(xué)者一直就不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記前是否應(yīng)經(jīng)公證進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)性審查一事進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論。日前,全國(guó)人大法律委員會(huì)在向全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)作關(guān)于《中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法》修改情況匯報(bào)時(shí),提出了不宜作出必須公證規(guī)定的意見(jiàn),指出:“法律委員會(huì)研究認(rèn)為,為了便民,辦理不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記只需一道手續(xù),并且逐步實(shí)行統(tǒng)一登記,草案對(duì)此已經(jīng)作了規(guī)定,并明確規(guī)定辦理不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記不得按照標(biāo)的收費(fèi)。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記前是否辦理公證,可以由當(dāng)事人自愿選擇。如果辦理登記前必須經(jīng)過(guò)公證,不僅不便民,還會(huì)增加群眾負(fù)擔(dān)。因此,不宜規(guī)定不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記前必須經(jīng)過(guò)公證?!?。關(guān)鍵詞:形式便民;實(shí)質(zhì)
2、利民;實(shí)際效果Abstract:Intherealityoflawsdrafts,intheconsiderationprocess,ourcountrylegislates,thejudicialworldandthescholarcontinuouslybeforetherealestateregistrationwhethershouldpassthroughthenotarizationtocarryonthesubstantiveexaminationincidenttocarryontheargument.Theotherday,NationalPeople'sCongr
3、essLegalcommitteewhendoestotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongress"(Draft)revisesthedebriefingdebriefaboutthePeople'sRepublicofChinaRealityoflaws",proposedisnotsuitablemakesmustthenotarizationstipulationopinion,pointedout:“theLegalcommitteestudiesbelievedthattobeconvenient,handlesther
4、ealestateregistrationonlytoneedaprocedure,andimplementstheunificationregistrationgradually,thedrafthadmaderegardingthisalreadythestipulation,andstipulatedexplicitlyhandlestherealestateregistrationnottoaccordingtothesightingtargetcharge.Whetherbeforetherealestateregistration,tohandlethenotarizat
5、ion,maychoosevoluntarilybythelitigant.Ifbeforehandlingtheregistration,topassthroughthenotarization,isnotonlyinconvenient,willalsoincreasethepopulacetobear.Therefore,beforeisnotsuitablestipulatestherealestateregistration,topassthroughthenotarization.”.keyword:Theformisconvenient;Substantivefavor
6、ablepeople;Actualresult前言顯然,法律委員會(huì)提出不宜規(guī)定必須公證的本意,一是為了便民,二是為了不增加群眾負(fù)擔(dān);其目的歸納起來(lái)是為了“利民”。那么物權(quán)法不規(guī)定不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記應(yīng)經(jīng)公證進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)審查,是否會(huì)真正達(dá)到利民的效果呢?我認(rèn)為,物權(quán)法作出不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記不須公證或自愿公證的規(guī)定,只是形式上的便民或利民,實(shí)質(zhì)上則對(duì)保護(hù)人民群眾的利益和維護(hù)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定十分不利,其結(jié)果會(huì)與人大法律委員會(huì)提出此意見(jiàn)的初衷背道而馳。一、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記前不經(jīng)公證,不利于房產(chǎn)交易活動(dòng)中購(gòu)房人真實(shí)意思的表示就社會(huì)交易活動(dòng)的一般情況而言,法律法規(guī)對(duì)交易行為不設(shè)置諸如審查、核準(zhǔn)、許可、登記等前置性條件,無(wú)疑將有利
7、于提高交易效率和降低交易人的交易成本。依此常規(guī)思維來(lái)考慮不動(dòng)產(chǎn)交易活動(dòng)規(guī)范的內(nèi)容,認(rèn)為在物權(quán)法中不宜規(guī)定不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記前必須經(jīng)過(guò)公證也是理所當(dāng)然的。然而,不動(dòng)產(chǎn)交易遠(yuǎn)不象人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)日常生活用品、家用電器那么簡(jiǎn)單,其復(fù)雜程度也決非是購(gòu)置汽車(chē)和其他高檔消費(fèi)品所能相比,這是由人們對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)標(biāo)的物使用價(jià)值多方位和多層次的取向所決定的?,F(xiàn)階段消費(fèi)者購(gòu)置房屋不只是為了得到一個(gè)能擋風(fēng)遮雨的棲身之處,除了對(duì)房屋質(zhì)量和空間的基本要求,人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地考慮方便工作生活和有利身體健康以及