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1、ChaptertwoRepairSuMin（蘇敏）Definition:Repairistheprocessbywhichlostordestroyedcellsarereplacedbyvitalcells(regeneration).Section1RegenerationDefinition:Thesurvivinghealthycellsnearbydamageproliferateandmoveforrepair.1.Type:(1)Completeregeneration:Thenewtissueisthesamewit
2、hthelossinstructureandfaction.Commonlyinphysiologicalregeneration.Conditions:①theabilityofregenerationofparenchymaltissueisstrong.②damageareaissmallandthestromalframeworkoftheinjuredtissueispreservativewell.(2)Incompleteregeneration:granulationtissue(stromalorfillerele
3、ments)proliferatetofilldefect,replacementbyscar.Commonlyinpathologicalregeneration.Conditions:①theabilityofregenerationofparenchymaltissueisweak.②damageareaisextensiveandthestromalframeworkoftheinjuredtissueisnotpreservativewell.2.TheregenerativecapacitytypesofcellsLab
4、ilecells:normallyacontinuousprocessofactivereplacementisoccurring.Thechancesofrestorationbyregenerationareexcellent.Examples:thecoveringepithelium,thebonemarrowcellsandthelymphoidcells.(2)Stablecells:Althoughnormallythereplacementrequirementsareminimal,theyhavenotlostt
5、hecapacitytoproliferateinresponsetostimulation.Chancesofregenerationremain.Examples:adenocytesofparenchymalviscera(includingendocrine);allstromalelements.(3)Permanentcells:Normallyareunabletomultiplyafterthegrowthearlyinlife.Examples:nervecells,striatedandcardiacmuscle
6、cells,smoothmusclecells.Butperipheralnervehasretainedthecapacityforregenerationwithdamage.3.Regenerativeprocessoftissues(1)Epithelialtissue①Coveringepithelia:Marginalproliferationmayresultinaperfectrestoration.②Glandularepithelia:Althoughinmanyinstancetheadenocytesofth
7、eorgancandivide,theend-resultisoftendependentuponlocalfactors,inparticulartheintegrityofthebasementmembranesandreticulinscaffoldthatarenecessaryfortheregeneratingcellstobesogroupedastoreformnormalfunctionalandanatomicalglandulartissue.(2)FibroustissueFibrocytes(Primiti
8、vecells)↓situatedaroundcapillariesandlooseconnectivetissuesFibroblastsSecretionofgroundsubstanceincludingadhesiveGlyc
