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1、摘要奇異攝動(dòng)常微分方程的初值問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在很多領(lǐng)域,比如:科學(xué)技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域等.也曾用其他方法求解:如差分法,譜方法和連續(xù)有限元法.最近幾年發(fā)展的間斷有限元方法(DG法)的應(yīng)用非常廣泛,人們也越來(lái)越熱衷于用此方法來(lái)求解各類方程.它最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是逼近解很穩(wěn)定,不出現(xiàn)振蕩現(xiàn)象;其次是精度高,有超收斂性;而且還有一個(gè)特征是降低了對(duì)解的光滑性要求,這也是將它運(yùn)用于解決其他各種數(shù)學(xué)物理等問(wèn)題的巨大推動(dòng)力.本文討論用m次間斷有限元(DG)解變系數(shù)奇異攝動(dòng)常微分方程初值問(wèn)題eux+b(x)u=,(z),u(o)=uo,b(x)=1一z,z∈J=[0,l】.問(wèn)題有新的特點(diǎn)
2、:1.是變系數(shù)b(x):1一z,且在右端點(diǎn)z:1處為o;2.有雙重奇異性.在問(wèn)題中,z=0為邊界層,而z=1為轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn),有內(nèi)邊界層,解有u=o(e一{).在奇點(diǎn)z=0的邊界層,確定丁=(m+1)e脅EI/6(o),如常系數(shù)情形相同,m次DG仍為Radau點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu).但在z>丁時(shí)遇到本質(zhì)的新困難.本文主要工作及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1.將討論區(qū)間(o,1)分為3段:奇異段JO=(0,7_),丁=(m+1)EmeI/6(o),確定,光滑段J1=(丁,1一T),T=c《及內(nèi)邊界層J2=(1一正1).基于解的表示研究在各段的正則性質(zhì).2.正確地劃分了內(nèi)邊界層厚度丁=以麗,Ⅳ是
3、剖分?jǐn)?shù),c可以根據(jù)推導(dǎo)確定.按理論分析的啟示,在Jl段采用了變步長(zhǎng)九產(chǎn)hb(xj),使DG在‘,1段保持了Gauss點(diǎn)超收斂階D(^m+2).3.在確定內(nèi)邊界層的厚度r后,在J2段采用了均勻網(wǎng)格計(jì)算,使DG結(jié)果表明為Radau點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu).關(guān)鍵詞:常微分方程,間斷有限元,變系數(shù),奇異攝動(dòng),超收斂.ABSTRACTOrdinarydifferentialequationswithDirichletboundaryarisewidelyinmanyfields,likescienceandtechnologyandeconomicandSOon.Manyoth
4、ermethodshadbeenusedtosolvethisproblem,suchasdifferencemethods,spectralmethodsandcontinuousfiniteelementmethods.TheDGmethoddevelopedinrecentyearsiswidelyused,peopleareincreasinglykeenonthismethodforsolvingvariouskindsofequa垃ons.Thebestadvantageistheap-proximatesolutionoftheprob
5、lemisstable,andtherewerenooscillationphe-nomena;secondly,thesolutionoftheproblemishighaccuracyandthereisasuperconvergence:Anotheradvantageisthatitloosesdemandofthesmooth-hessofthesolutiontotheequations.Thisisalsothetremendousimpetustoapplyittosolvevariouskindsofprobleminmathema
6、ticalandphysics.Thispapermainlydiscusseshowtosolvetheproblemofthesingularlyper-turbedequationswithvariablecoemcientsandDirichletboundaryconditionbvDGmethodEu。+b(x)u=,(z),u(o)=UO,b(x)=l—z,z∈J=【0,1】.,Therearenewfeaturesofthisproblem:ontheonehand.withvariouscO-efficientsb(x)=1一zan
7、ditturnstozeroatthepointz=1:ontheotherhand,withdoublesingularity.Inthisproblem,z=0issingularpointwhilez:1isaturnpointwith_innenbonndaqylayerwherethesolutionisu=D(e—i).theareanearthesingularpointz=0istheboundarylayer,theerrorlineisRadautypebyDGmethodastheconstantcoefficientsitua
8、tionwhen7-=(m+1)EIfnEI/6(o).butwemeettheessentialdiffi