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1、DNAsensorinvirusinfectionAbstract:Inordertoprotecthumanfromthedetrimentaleffectofviralinfection,immunesystemhasevolvedmechanismstorecognizeanderadicatethem.Recently,anovelantiviraltoolofinnateimmunehasbeendiscovered—DNAsensors,whichcanrecognizeinvadingviralDNAandinitiateinnateantiviralresponses,incl
2、udingtheactivationoftypeIinterferons(IFNs)andproin?ammatorycytokines.Thesecytokinescontributedtonotonlyinhibitingviralreplicationininfectedcellsbutalsoregulatingtheinductionofadaptiveimmunity,leadingtotheswifteradicationofviruses.AlltheseindicatethatDNAsensorsplayapivotalroleinantiviralresponse.Ther
3、efore,thisarticlewillprovideanintegralandcomprehensivereviewofDNAsensor,focusingonsortsofDNAsensor,signalingpathwayandtheimmuneresponsetriggeredbythem.What’smore,viralstrategyagainstDNAsensorsandnegativeregulationofhostwillbediscussedaswell.[Keywords]:DNAsensor,virusinfection,antiviralresponse,negat
4、iveregulationofvirus,negativeregulationofhost.1.IntroductionInordertoprotecthostfrominfectionofvirus,innateimmunehasdevelopedmechanismsofhowtodetectvirustotriggerimmuneresponse.Recently,DNAsensorhasbeenfoundasanoveltooltodetectvirus.Toll-likereceptor(TLR)9,retinoicacid-induciblegeneI(RIG-I)-likerece
5、ptors(RLRs)includingRIG-I,melanomadifferentiation-associatedgene-5(MDA5),DNA-dependentRNApolymeraseIII(Pol-III),DNAbindingprotein1(ZBP1)orDNA-dependentactivatorofIFN-regulatoryfactor(DAI),IFN-induciblep200-proteinincludingp202，absentinmelanoma2(AIM2)，interferon-inducibleprotein16(IFI16)havebeenident
6、ifiedasDNAsensor[1-5].What’smore,DExDchelicaseDDX41,DHX36andDHX9,Leucine-richrepeatflightless-interactingprotein1(LRRFIP1),Ku70wererecentlyfoundtobenovelDNAsensors[6-9].Table1showsDNAsensorsthathavebeendiscoveredsofarandwhichkindofDNAtheyrecognize.Table1DNAsensorsandDNAFamilyDNAsensorDNAbesensedRefe
7、renceTLRsTLR9DNAwithoutmethylationatCpGmotifs[10]HelicaseDDX41cytosolicDNA[6]DHX36CpG-ADNA[7]DHX9CpG-BDNA[7]RLRsRIG-1cytosolicDNA[3,11]MDA5cytosolicDNA[3]p200-proteinp202cytosolicdsDNA[5]AIM2cytosolic
