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1、摘要本文介紹了TIG焊快速制造系統(tǒng)的組成及工作原理,從焊接過程焊縫尺寸信息檢測(cè)的傳感方式的對(duì)比中得出適用于TIG焊快速制造金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的傳感器為視覺傳感器。在TIG焊快速制造系統(tǒng)中用到的焊接工藝具體為:非對(duì)接的TIG熔敷堆焊工藝。通過分析TIG熔敷堆焊視覺傳感器系統(tǒng)的傳感環(huán)境,選擇了CCD熔池圖像視覺傳感系統(tǒng)的組成及各硬件的位置參數(shù),并對(duì)熔池圖像視覺傳感系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了定標(biāo)。根據(jù)課題的需要,制作了TIG焊快速制造焊接參數(shù)開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。對(duì)常用于熔池計(jì)算機(jī)圖像檢測(cè)的各種圖像處理方法進(jìn)行了概述,再根據(jù)本課題中的熔池圖像的特點(diǎn),并分別對(duì):定點(diǎn)焊熔池、不同特征的動(dòng)態(tài)焊接過程
2、熔池圖像,選擇了相應(yīng)的熔池圖像處理方法并進(jìn)行了對(duì)熔池圖像的信息檢測(cè)。根據(jù)熔池圖像的檢測(cè)主要是獲得焊縫寬度,對(duì)熔池的圖像處理方法進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化。通過與熔池圖像對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)際焊縫寬度對(duì)比,該TIG焊熔池計(jì)算機(jī)圖像檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)能夠比較好的檢測(cè)到焊縫寬度信息。對(duì)焊縫表面尺寸的預(yù)測(cè)是TIG焊快速制造的先決條件,根據(jù)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn),選擇了BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為焊縫表面尺寸的預(yù)測(cè)方法,通過大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)獲取焊接參數(shù)及焊縫表面尺寸的對(duì)應(yīng)表,作為神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的學(xué)習(xí)樣本,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了焊縫表面尺寸的初步預(yù)測(cè)。運(yùn)用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè),結(jié)合多層多道焊焊接參數(shù)變化規(guī)律,通過實(shí)驗(yàn),成功的堆積出了一些金屬結(jié)構(gòu)。關(guān)鍵詞:
3、TIG焊快速制造;熔池圖像;計(jì)算機(jī)視覺;圖像處理;神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)AbstractThecomposingandworkprincipleofTIGweldingRapidPrototypingmetalfabricsystemwillbeintroducedinthispaper.ThebestsensorinTIGweldingRapidPrototypingmetalfabriciSvisionsensorthatiStheresultofcontrastingallkindsofweldinglinesizeinformationdetectionsen
4、sor.ThenameofweldingcraftinTIGweldingRapidPrototypingmetalfabricisTIGdepositsurfacingwelding.Throughanalyzingthesensorenvironment,thecomposingofCCDweldingpoolvisionsensorandhardwarepositionparametersischosen.ThescaleofCCDweldingpoolvisionsensoriSensured.AccordingtothedemandofTIGw
5、eldingRapidPrototypingmetalfabricexperiments,TheTIGweldparametersopenloopcontrolsystemisexecuted.ThecommonweldingpoolimageprocessingmethodsofweldingpoolcalculatorimagedetectingsystemareintroducedinthisPaper.Baseonthecharacterofweldingpool,differentkindsofwelding‘poolimagewillbepr
6、ocessed,forexample:thefixationweldingpoolimage,differentcharacterweldingpoolimageofdynamicwelding.Theweldingpoolimageprocessingarithmeticispredigestedbecausethattheintentofweldingpoolimageprocessingisgettingthebreadthofweldseam.TheTIGweldingpoolcalculatorimagedetectingsystemcanef
7、fectuallydetectthebreadthofweldseambycontrastingthedataofdetectingwiththedataofexperiment.TheinitialproblemresearchinTIGweldingRapidPrototypingisestimatingsurfacesizeparameteroftheweldingseams.BPnervenetworkiSadoptedintexttoestimatethesurfacesizeparameteroftheweldingseamsbaseonth
8、echaracterofnervenetwork.Onthefoundation