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1、哈爾濱理工大學(xué)工學(xué)碩上學(xué)位論文無機(jī)納米/聚酰亞胺雜化薄膜的研制摘要聚酰貶胺是一種性能優(yōu)良的有機(jī)聚合物工程材料,具有突出的耐熱性、耐化學(xué)性以及高機(jī)械強(qiáng)度,被廣泛應(yīng)于宇航、微電子領(lǐng)域中。隨著電機(jī)工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,高頻電機(jī)與高壓電機(jī)相繼出現(xiàn),這對(duì)電機(jī)用絕緣材料的性能要求達(dá)到了新的水平,不僅僅是高的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度、高模量和熱穩(wěn)定性,對(duì)薄膜的電性能也提出了更高的要求,雖然未摻雜的聚酰亞胺性能比較好,但在應(yīng)用中還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。而金屬氧化物類的無機(jī)材料有著有機(jī)材料某些無法達(dá)到的優(yōu)異性能,但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中卻有著很多無法克服的困難,而有機(jī)和無機(jī)雜化復(fù)合材料有著非常優(yōu)異的性能。本論文制備了聚
2、酰亞胺/無機(jī)納米雜化薄膜,研究了其結(jié)構(gòu)、形態(tài)和性能,并對(duì)三者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。本文采用均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)及4,4’.二氨基二苯基醚(ODA)為基本原料,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)為溶劑制備聚酰胺酸PAA溶液,并且采用溶膠一凝膠法由正硅酸乙酯、異丙醇鋁制備出二氧化硅、氧化鋁溶膠,將其按一定的比例摻入已制備的聚酰胺酸中,經(jīng)過長時(shí)間高速攪拌使其混合均勻,亞胺化后制得聚酰亞胺,無機(jī)納米雜化薄膜。通過傅立葉紅外光譜、原子力顯微鏡、熱失重分析和擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)薄膜的表面結(jié)構(gòu)和熱性能、擊穿場強(qiáng)等進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明,聚酰亞胺基體與納米粒子之間有相互作用,并且形成S
3、i·O·A1結(jié)構(gòu):無機(jī)納米粒子分散均勻,并隨著無機(jī)納米粒子含量增加粒度增大;摻雜無機(jī)粒子的聚酰亞胺薄膜與未摻雜的聚酰亞胺薄膜相比,熱分解溫度增高,擊穿強(qiáng)度降低;在硅鋁共摻雜的薄膜中,當(dāng)硅鋁總含量為8%時(shí)雜化薄膜的擊穿強(qiáng)度下降最少,薄膜的熱分解溫度達(dá)到最高值。關(guān)鍵詞聚酰亞胺;納米二氧化硅;納米氧化鋁;溶膠凝膠法墮查簍耋三查蘭三耋登老蘭竺鯊蘭STUDYoNINoRGANICNANo—PARTICLES/PoLYIMIDEHYBRIDFILMAbstraetPolyimidesarewellknownfortheiroutstandingstability.exc
4、ellentchemicalresistivity,andfavorablemechanicalstrengthasanengineeringmaterial.Theyhavewidelybeenusedinaerospaceandelectricindustries.Alongwiththerapiddevelopmentofgeneratorindustry,highfrequencygeneratorandhighvoltagegeneratorhaveappeared.Inthiscase,thedemandofinsulationmaterials
5、inthegeneratorhasreachedanewlevel.Notonlymechanicalstrength,modulusandthermalstabilitybutalsotheelectricalcapacityhasbeenanveryimportantfactor.Thoughthedifferentpropertiesofpolyimidearegood.It’Snotfarenough.Obviously,inorganicmaterialssuchasmetaloxidehavesomeexcellentperformance,bu
6、ttheyhavemanyinsuperableproblemsinthepractice.Polyimideisalsolimitedwithregardtoadditionalimprovementsbecauseofthelimitationinherentinallorganicmaterials.Thissuggeststhecombinationsofinorganicandorganiccomponentswithananoscalesizewillimprovepropertiesofpolymer.Inthisthesis,theorgan
7、ic-ifforganicnanocompositesbasedonthepolyimidesaspolymermatrixwereprepared.Thestructure,morphologyandpropertiesofthesenanocompositeswereinvestigated,meantime,wewillpresentthepolymerstructure—propertyrelationship.Inthisarticle,weobtainedthesolutionofpoly(amicacid)(PAA)inN,N—dimethyl
8、acetamide(DMAc)bythereacti