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1、第期房立清,等:單晶壓電懸臂梁等效粘性阻尼建模與實驗分析7文章編號單晶壓電懸臂梁等效粘性阻尼建模與實驗分析房立清,張磊,郭德卿,馬子龍,陳永超(軍械工程學(xué)院火炮工程系,河北石家莊050003)摘要:為了完善壓電懸臂梁非耦合集總參數(shù)模型,進而為壓電振子的優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供更為可靠的理論依據(jù),對單晶壓電振子等效粘性阻尼系數(shù)進行了理論建模研究。首先,根據(jù)機械振動理論以及阻尼理論,從能量的角度出發(fā)建立了單晶壓電振子等效阻尼系數(shù)的理論模型。接著,針對基板材料性能,結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸以及截面形狀等不同因素對等效機械阻尼及電阻尼的影響規(guī)律進行
2、了分析。最后,制備了三組不同形狀尺寸的壓電振子樣品,并進行了沖擊振動試驗,驗證了理論分析結(jié)果。研究表明,壓電材料層對整體阻尼的影響主要取決于基板與壓電材料的彈性模量比;壓電材料每個振動周期的電能損耗與懸臂梁長度的三次方成正比,與寬度成反比;而決定振幅放大因子的阻尼比并非隨結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸單調(diào)變化。實驗結(jié)果與理論模型誤差在2.5%到14.7%之間,證明了理論模型的可靠性。分析表明,在可承受極限載荷相同的情況下,靜態(tài)特性最優(yōu)的變曲面懸臂梁,動態(tài)特性并非最佳。對于壓電振子的優(yōu)化設(shè)計具有一定現(xiàn)實意義。關(guān)鍵詞:等效粘性阻尼;單晶壓
3、電懸臂梁;建模;實驗中圖分類號:TJ35;TK89;TB34文獻標(biāo)識碼:AModelingandexperimentalanalysisofpiezoelectricunimorphcantileverequivalentviscousdampingFANGLi-Qing,ZHANGLei(Dept.ofArtilleryEngineering,OrdnanceEngineeringCollege,Shijiazhuang050003,China)Abstract:Inordertoperfectthesimul
4、ationmodelofpiezoelectricunimorphcantilever,thustoprovidemorereliabletheoreticalbasisfortheoptimaldesignofpiezoelectricvibrator,thevibratorequivalentviscousdampingcoefficientwereanalysed.Firstofall,theanalysismodelofvibratorequivalentviscousdampingcoefficient
5、wereestablishedestablishedfromtheperspectiveofenergyaccordingtothetheoryofmechanicalvibrationanddampingtheory.Then,theinfluencesofthematerialproperties,structuraldimensionsaswellasthecross-sectionshapeonthemachineryandelectricitydampingcoefficientareanalyzed.
6、Finally,preparedthreegroupspiezoelectricvibratorsampleswithdifferentshape,size,andtheimpactvibrationtestwereproceededtoverifythetheoreticalanalysis.Theresultsshowthattheimpactofpiezoelectricmateriallayerontheoveralldampingdependsontheelasticmodulusratioofthes
7、ubstrateandthepiezoelectricmaterial;ineachvibrationcycle,thepiezoelectricmaterialpowerlossisproportionaltothecubeofthecantileverlength,andinverselyproportionaltothewidth;thedampingratiowhichisconclusivetoamplitudeamplificationfactorisnotvarieswiththestructure
8、sizemonotonically.Therewasdifferenceof2.5%and14.7%betweentheexperimentalresultsandtheoreticalmodelwhichprovedthereliabilityofthetheoreticalmodel.Whiletheextremeloadissamewhichcouldwithsta