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1、Coarse-GrainedNetworkSimulationforWide-AreaDistributedSystemsSyamGadde,JeffChase,AminVahdatDepartmentofComputerScienceDukeUniversityDurham,NC27708fgadde,chase,vahdatg@cs.duke.eduKeywords:Transfer-levelsimulation,Internetservices,sarytoolfordelineatingthesefactorsa
2、ndevaluatingtheiref-TCP/IPfectonperformance.However,currentstate-of-the-artnet-worksimulatorssuchasns[19]areunabletoscaletonet-AbstractworksofInternetsizeduetothecomputationalrequirementsof?ne-grainpacket-levelsimulationandthememoryneededEvaluatingtheperformanceof
3、large-scalewide-areaappli-tomaintainqueuesateachnetworklink.Existingsimula-cationssuchascontentdistributionnetworksandreplicatedtiontechnologiesthatdoscaletolarge-scalenetworksdosoInternetservicesthroughsimulationpresentsformidableonlythroughtheuseofdistributedcom
4、putationalresources,challenges.Amongthemistheneedtobalancecompetingretainingthedetailandcomplexityoftheoriginalproblem.needs:ensuringaccuracybychoosinganappropriatelevelofdetail,andmakingtheselarge-scalesimulationstractableOurgoalistoenablethesimulationandcomparat
5、iveeval-byminimizingrequiredcomputationalresources.Asanal-uationofwide-areaservicesonlarge-scalenetworksusingternativetopacket-levelsimulation,weevaluatetheapplica-modestresources.Weachievethisbydevelopinganabstrac-bilityofcoarse-graintransfer-levelsimulationtowid
6、e-areationformodelingwide-areanetworksthatisdesignedex-networkedapplicationsandservices,anddiscussthetrade-plicitlyforsimulatingnetworkedservicesattheapplicationoffsinherenttosuchanapproach.WeintroduceGUTS,alevel,ratherthanatthetransportlevelorbelow.Fortheclasshig
7、h-levelwide-areanetworksimulatorwhosegoalistoen-ofserviceswhosetraf?cconsistsprimarilyofbulktransfersablesimulationofrealisticInternet-scaletopologies,underaoverfair,reliabletransportprotocolssuchasTCP/IP,wear-rangeofrealisticworkloads.guethatsimulatingthematacoar
8、segrainispracticalandef?cient,andyieldsaggregateperformancemetricsthatare1INTRODUCTIONaccurateenoughtocomparetherelativeperformanceofsim-ulatedsystems.T
