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1、DIFFERENTIATEDSERVICESNETWORKS:PRICINGANDSOFTWAREAGENTS1PeterMarbachDepartmentofComputerScience10King’sCollegeRoadUniversityofTorontoToronto,ON,M5S1A4Canadae-mail:marbach@cs.toronto.eduAbstract:Weconsiderpacket-basednetworksthatusetheDi?erentiatedServices(Di?Serv),wh
2、erewemodelDi?Servasapriorityservice.Usersarefreetochoosetheprioritythattheyattachtotheirpacketsandarechargedaccordingly,wherehighprioritypacketsaremoreexpensivethanlowprioritypackets.Forthisservice,onewouldexpectthatuserswillallocateprioritiestotheirtra?ctosatisfythe
3、irservicerequirementsatthelowestpossiblecost.Weproposesuchanallocationstrategywhichwestudyandillustratethroughnumericalexperiments.Keywords:Internet,Quality-of-Service,Di?erentiatedServices,Pricing,SoftwareAgents.1IntroductionDi?erentiatedServices(Di?Serv)hasbeenprop
4、osedbytheInternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)asamechanismtoprovideQuality-of-Service(QoS)inpacket-basednet-works(suchastheInternet)[1].ThebasicideabehindDi?Servisthefollowing.NetworksdeployingDi?Servo?era(small)numberofdi?erentserviceclasses.Usersaccessingthenetworkass
5、ign(mark)theirtra?ctooneoftheseclasses,andthenetworkforwardspack-etsateachnodeaccordingtoclass-speci?crules(calledper-hopbehaviors)[2].Thismechanismcanbeusedtoprovidedi?erentiatedQoS.Forexample,Di?Servcouldbeusedtoimplementapremiumandabest-e?ortservice,wherepremiumtr
6、a?calwaysgetspreferentialtreatmentoverbest-e?orttra?c[3].Asaresult,premiumtra?cwillobtainabetterQoSwhencongestioninthenetworkincreases,i.e.premiumtra?cexperienceslessdelayandislesslikelytobedropped.Arangeofotherserviceclassesarealsopossibleandhavebeenproposed[4,5,6].
7、AnimportantfeatureofDi?Servisthatbyaggregatingamultitudeof?owsintoasmallnumberofserviceclasses,Di?Serveliminatestheneedtorecognizeandstoreinformationabouteachindividual?owincorerouters;thismakesDi?Servscalable.IntheDi?Servframework,itisnaturaltoassumethatusersarechar
8、gedbasedontheserviceclassesthattheyuse,i.e.ahigh-quality(premium)serviceismoreexpensivethanalow-quality(best-e?ort)service.Also,one
