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1、初升高銜接1/4---onefourthaquarter動詞語態(tài)詞一、被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2)has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'
2、rereadytostart.3)am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.4)was/weredone一般過去時例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5)hadbeendone過去完成時例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時例Ame
3、etingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.二.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)情態(tài)動詞的被動:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismother
4、forhisbirthday.3)使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.4)不定式todo也有被動語態(tài):tobedone。Idon'twanttobelookeddown我不想被小瞧5)I
5、tissaidthat…據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知?!±齀tissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)6)很多動詞如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其
6、主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.7)表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的詞,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢?8)系動詞沒有被動形式,feel,sound,taste,book,feel等主動表被動。例Yourreasonsound
7、sreasonable.9)在need,want,require,bear等詞的后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).這房子需要修理。10)形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.一、請把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。1Theywritemanybusinesslet
8、terseveryday.Manybusinessletters________________everyday.2.MostofthepeopleinthatcountryspeakFrench.French.______bymostofthepeopleinthatcountry.3.ThousandsofpeoplevisittheGreatWalleveryday.TheGreatWall_________bythou