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2、／影響湯加生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展因素的若干思考CHAP，I’ERONEIntroductionSincethemid1960stheroleofprivatelandownersinprovidingoutdoorrecreationopportunitieshasbecomeincreasinglyimp
3、ortantaspublicforestsandparkshavebecomecrowdedandlessabletomeetoutdoorrecreationdemand(Owens1964)．Today，muchnature-basedtourismtakesplaceonprivatelands(Birdandlnman1968，Tjaden199∞，ThisisSOtrueintermsofTongabecauseinTongamostofthelandisprivateownmeaningownbythelocals．Ecotourismrelat
4、edenterprisescouldprovideadditionalincometoprivateforestlandownerswhowishtoincreasetheirincomefromsourcesotherthantimber(Johnson1995，LynchandRobinson1998)．However,landownersorlocalswhowanttopromoteecotourismoperationsontheirlandsneedmoreinformationaboutecotourismandaboutrunninganec
5、otourismbusiness．ThisinformationincludesknowingaboutthenaturalresourcesthatCanserveasabaseforecotourismactivities，theneededinfrastructure，environmentalconcerns，businessinformation，andbarrierstoimplementingsuchanopermion，amongothers．Tourismindustryisoneoftheworld’Slargest,ithasshown
6、sustainedgrowthinrevenuesandnumberoftravelers，andhasabroadeconomic，socialandenvironmentalfootprintreachingalmosteverypartoftheEarth。TourismitselfisquitebroadandembracesaIlvisitorstothecountry．whethertheyaleLocalPeopleorfromoverseas．Itincludesanyonewhoisstayingovernightin1影響湯加生態(tài)旅游發(fā)展
7、因素的若干思考thecountry，onholiday，forbusinesspurposesorvisitingfriendsandrelatives．Moreover，itisaservice-basedindustrycomprisinganumberoftangibleandintangiblecomponents．Thetangibleelementsincludetransport，foodsandbeverages,tours,souvenirsandaccommodation，whiletheintangibledementsinvolvee
8、ducation，culture，andadventureorsimplyescapeandrelaxationl．Definedbyanetworkofservicesofferedtotouristsandbytheinfrastmctureneededtosupportit，thesectorinvolvesawiderangeofplayersincludingprivatesectortourismbusinesses，governmentalandintergovernmentalorganizations，developmentandconse
9、rvationNGOnetworks，consume
