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1、中文摘要由于投資項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際效果與目前的預(yù)測(cè)不可能是完全一致的,因此對(duì)項(xiàng)目偏離預(yù)期目標(biāo)的程度和發(fā)生偏離的概率的分析是十分必要的?,F(xiàn)有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概率分析方法包括解析法和模特卡羅模擬技術(shù)。但由于受解析法與蒙特卡羅模擬技術(shù)本身局限的制約,其使用范圍以及使用效果受到一定影響。為了彌補(bǔ)概率分析方法在投資項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析中的不足,本文從熵的角度,結(jié)合前人對(duì)熵的研究成果,將熱力學(xué)中熵的概念引入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,提出一種新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析方法———基于最大熵原理的投資項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。該方法采用最為典型的三角分布來(lái)描述投資項(xiàng)目經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中存在各種
2、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,充分考慮各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素之間的相關(guān)程度,利用多元隨機(jī)變量函數(shù)的性質(zhì),求出投資項(xiàng)目評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的特征數(shù)字值。最后,應(yīng)用最大熵原理并結(jié)合非線性優(yōu)化算子求出評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的概率分布函數(shù)。同時(shí),為了使該方法操作簡(jiǎn)單、計(jì)算方便,采用Mathcad語(yǔ)言在計(jì)算機(jī)上編程實(shí)現(xiàn)輔助計(jì)算。由于該方法不要求各風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子獨(dú)立,并且按最大熵原理求出的概率分布函數(shù)是投資項(xiàng)目評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的屠佳分布,所以該方法適合于大型復(fù)雜投資項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,能夠?yàn)轫?xiàng)目決策者提供較為準(zhǔn)確的信息,具有一定的理論和實(shí)用價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵詞:投資項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析熵最大熵原理ab
3、stract~ABSTRCTDuetotheinconsistencybetweenthefutureresultandadvanceforecastof,itisverynecessarytoanalyzethedegreeofdeviationfrominvestmentgoalandprobabilityofsuchdeviationAtpresent,risksprobabilityanalyzingmeansincludeanalyticmethodandMC(MonteCarlo)tech
4、nique.However,becauseofsomedefectsintheabovetwomeans,theyareappliedinthelimitedwayInordertoremedythedefectsintheabovetwomeans,thisthesisattempttointroducetheentropyconceptinthermodynamicsintofieldandbringupanothernewrisksanalyzing‘。。?!?。。——Investmentaro
5、jectRisksAnalyzingMethodBasedontheMaximumEntropyTheoryThismethoddescribesallkindsofrisksfactorsexistinginthelifecycleofinvestmentprojectwiththemosttypicaldistributionfunction————triangulardistribution.takesthecorrelationbetweenrisksfactorsintoaccount,ma
6、kesuseofthepropertiesofmultiplerandomfunction,worksoutthecharacteristicnumberofevaluatingindicator.Finally,accordingtotheMaximumEntropyTheory,utilizingnonlinearoptimizationmethod,theprobabilitydistributionfunctionofevaluatingindicatorcanbefiguredoutMean
7、while,inordertofacilitateapplyingthismethod,theMathcadLanguageisadoptedforwritingarisksanalyzingprogramtoprovideassistanceThismethoddoesn’trequiretheindependencebetweenriskfactors,andtheprobabilitydistributionfunctionofevaluatingindicatorundertheMaximum
8、EntropyTheoryisthemostappropriateoneThismethodisoftenusedforriskanalyzingoflarge·scalecomplicatedinvestmentproject.Therefore,ithastheoreticandpracticalvalue.KeyWords:InvestmentProjectRisksAnalyzingEntropyMaximumEntropyTheory獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明