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1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)1.??????用法：①過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果例：YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.②過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)例：Ihavelivedheresince1990.2.??????現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成havehas+過去分詞3.??????現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑問句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.兩回答Yes
2、,hehas.No,hehasn’t.特殊疑問句Whathashedone?4.??????在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1九詞語①already已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾例:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已經(jīng)否定句和疑問句句尾例：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾經(jīng)句中例：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never從不句中例：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛句中例：Ihavejustdonemy
3、work.⑥before以前句尾例：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前為止例：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久例：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次例：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?2兩詞組havegoneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)havebeento去過某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去過北京)3兩結(jié)構(gòu)fortwomonthsfor+一段時(shí)間Jimhasl
4、ivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+過去點(diǎn)時(shí)間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+過去時(shí)態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面沒有時(shí)間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。例：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfe
5、wyears.在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。5.??????在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，一次性動詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語連用例：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動詞不能和一段時(shí)間for3years連用,改正的辦法有五種：①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段時(shí)間for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago
6、(改為一般過去時(shí)，使句子的意思不變)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改為固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改為否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）6.??????還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere例：Ihaveco
7、meherefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beaway例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beon例：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯(cuò)）改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosed例：Theshophasopenedfor3ye
