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1、農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易展望中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及對(duì)策倪洪興于孔燕呂向東劉武兵馬建蕾徐銳釗李偉偉(農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易促進(jìn)中心北京100125)摘要:中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力薄弱且缺乏關(guān)稅保護(hù)。近年來(lái)隨著國(guó)內(nèi)成本上升,內(nèi)外價(jià)差擴(kuò)大,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng),并引發(fā)一系列問(wèn)題:進(jìn)口超出正常產(chǎn)需缺口,“邊進(jìn)口、邊積壓”;進(jìn)口稅后價(jià)低于托市收購(gòu)價(jià)格,政策效果受到削弱;進(jìn)口價(jià)格“天花板”效應(yīng)突出,低價(jià)產(chǎn)品的大量進(jìn)口打壓了國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格,甚至使價(jià)格跌破成本,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展缺乏動(dòng)力。對(duì)此,必須切實(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的支持和保護(hù),強(qiáng)化政府、金融部門和相關(guān)企業(yè)的支農(nóng)責(zé)任,著力保護(hù)好現(xiàn)有關(guān)
2、稅和國(guó)內(nèi)支持政策空間,積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全戰(zhàn)略,提高對(duì)利用國(guó)際市場(chǎng)和資源的掌控能力。關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易;基礎(chǔ)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;價(jià)差;過(guò)度進(jìn)口;“天花板”效應(yīng);農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策ChallengesandSolutionsofChina'sAgriculturalProductsTradeNiHongxing,YuKongyan,LyvXiangdong,LiuWubing,MaJianlei,XuRuizhao,LiWeiwei(AgriculturalTradePromotionCenter,MOA,Beijing100125)Abstract:The
3、basiccompetitivenessofChina'sagricultureislowandChina'scurrenttariffsonagriculturalproductsareinsufficient.AlongwiththerapidincreaseofproductioncostinChina,thepricegapbetweenthedomesticandforeignagriculturalproductsmarketshasbeenwideninginrecentyears,whichspursimportsan
4、dresultsincertainproblems,suchasimportationwasexcessivecomparedtonormalgapofsupplyanddemand,importingandbacklogginghappenedatthesametime,importedpricesaftertaxwerelowerthanpropacquisitionpriceswhichmeantthepolicieswereineffective,theceilingeffectofimportedpricewassignif
5、icantandsubstantialimportswithlowerpricedepresseddomesticprices,evenbelowthecostswhichmadetheindustrydevelopmentlackmotivation.Tosolvetheseproblems,Chinashouldfurthersupportandprotectagriculture,strengthentheresponsibilityofgovernment,financialsectorsandagri-enterprises
6、tosupportagriculture,protectpolicyspaceforagriculturalsupportsandtariffs,activelyimplementagriculturalindustrysecuritystrategy,andenhancethecapabilityofcontrollingoverglobalagriculturalmarketsandresources.Keywords:agriculturalproductstrade;basiccompetitiveness;pricegap;
7、excessiveimportation;ceilingeffect;agriculturalsupportpolicy入世以來(lái),我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng),在有有十分重要的意義。效增加國(guó)內(nèi)供給、緩解資源環(huán)境壓力的同時(shí),對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)1農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的主要特征農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響日益加深。準(zhǔn)確把握當(dāng)前我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易特征以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn),提出有效應(yīng)對(duì)之策,無(wú)論進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易持續(xù)快速發(fā)對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易發(fā)展本身還是對(duì)整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,都具展,呈現(xiàn)出顯著的階段性特征。收稿日期:2015-02-12作者簡(jiǎn)介:倪洪興(1964—),男,江蘇太倉(cāng)人,博士,
8、研究員,主要研究方向?yàn)檗r(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易政策。E-mail:hongxing@agri.gov.cnAO農(nóng)業(yè)展望642015年第5期農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易展望1.1農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng),進(jìn)口依存度達(dá)到相外價(jià)差給農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)的巨大壓力依然存在