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1、TheSkull顱主講：李文春down【目的和要求】1．掌握顱的組成，腦顱、面顱的劃分、名稱、位置。2．掌握顱底內(nèi)面觀的主要結(jié)構(gòu)。3．掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形態(tài)特征和交通。骨性鼻旁竇的名稱、位置及開口。4．了解新生兒顱骨的特征及生后變化。downUpTheskull顱Theskullcontains23bones.Theskullisisdividedintotwoparts:cerebralcranium腦顱andfacialcranium面顱downUp(一）ThecerebralcraniumThecerebralcraniumconsist
2、sofeightcranialbones.downUpfrontal額骨ethmoid篩骨Unpairedsphenoid蝶骨occipital枕骨parietal頂骨pairedtemporal顳骨(二）ThefacialcraniumThefacialcraniumarefifteeninnumber.Upmaxillae上頜骨palatine腭骨pairedzygomatic顴骨bonesnasal鼻骨lacrimalbones淚骨inferiornasalconchae下鼻甲vomer梨骨Unpairedmandible下頜骨bones
3、hyoid舌骨down(二）Thefacialcranium1.ThemandibledownUp2.Thehyoidangleofmandible(三）Theskullasawhole顱的整體觀1.ThesuperioraspectoftheskullUpcoronalsuture冠狀縫sagittalsuture矢狀縫lambdoidsuture人字縫downTheskullisgenerallyovoidwhenfromabove,andiswiderbehindthaninfront.Itformedbyfourcranialbones
4、.Up2.TheposterioraspectoftheskulldownThemostoutstandingfeatureoftheoccipitalboneisexternaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸.Theridge骨嵴passingoneachsidelaterallyoftheprotuberanceisthesuperiornuchalline上項線3.TheinternalsurfaceofthebaseofskulldownUpItisdividedintothreefossa.Thesearethea
5、nterior,themiddleandtheposteriorcranialfossa.downUpfrontalcrest額嵴foramencecum盲孔cristagalli雞冠cribriformplat篩板cribriformforamina篩孔(1)Theanteriorcranialfossa顱前窩downUpInthecenteristhehypophysialfossa垂體窩.Infrontofthehypophysialfossaistheopticcanal視神經(jīng)管.Lateraltothehypophysialfossa
6、isthecarotidsulcus頸動脈溝.Thereareaseriesofforaminainthelateralportionofthemiddlecranialfossa:foramenrotundum圓孔,foramenovale卵圓孔foramenspinosum棘孔(2)Themiddlecranialfossa顱中窩downUpItisthelargestanddeepestofthethreecranialfossa.Thelowestpartofthefossapresentstheforamenmagnum枕骨大孔，Th
7、erearehypoglossalcanal舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口abovetheanterolateralmarginoftheforamenmagnum.(3)TheposteriorcranialfossadownUpBehindtheforamenmagnum,therearetheinternaloccipitalprotuberance枕內(nèi)隆凸,sulcusfortransversesinus橫竇溝,sulcusforsigmoidsinus乙狀竇溝,jugularforamen頸靜脈孔.internalacousticpore內(nèi)耳門(3)
8、Theposteriorcranialfossa4.TheexternalsurfaceofthebaseofskulldownUpincisivef
