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1、中西文化比較與說服Persuasion:theComparativeCulturalApproachGongWenxiang龔文庠1Outline討論主題Persuasion:ThecomparativeCulturalApproachI.CulturalDifferences文化差異問題II.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCultures中西文化差異III.ComparisonofPersuasioninChineseandWesternCultures中西說服方式的比較IV.Concl
2、usion:StereotypingandFraming結(jié)論刻板印象與互看2I.CulturalDifferences文化差異問題：1.文化的定義太多。概括generalization總很危險(xiǎn)，因有例外。（stereotypes）2.文化間的同和異：universalsvs.differences同大于異：80%以上是同：CorevaluesPhysicalattributes:（facialexpressions,gestures）人類可以溝通，而人與動(dòng)物之間很難。Foreigncultureisjustthe“other”c
3、ulture.Purposefordiscussingdifferences討論差異的作用：減少誤解，克服交流的障礙。Relationshipbetweencultureandsystems文化特質(zhì)與制度的關(guān)系：同一文化可以產(chǎn)生不同的制度3II.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCultures深層差異（涉及人生觀、價(jià)值觀）；表層差異（飲食、衣著、性格…）Deep-structuralvs.super-structuraldifferences主要的深層差異：basicassumptions重
4、個(gè)人——重群體。Cliché：Individualismvs.collectivism,asexpressedinGeertHofstede’sworks.4II.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulturesdeepstructuraldifferencesvs.super-structuraldifferencesbasicassumptions原罪——性善Originalsinvs.naturalgoodness人性之善也，猶水之就下也。人無有不善，水無有不下?！睹献印じ孀诱戮渖稀?
5、深層差異導(dǎo)致一系列后果西方：Regulationoriented重制度中國(guó)：Moraleducationoriented重道德教育西方：法治ruleoflaw（性惡）中國(guó)：人治、德政ruleofman-virtue（性善）陳獨(dú)秀：中國(guó)歷來輕視功利貨殖的道德風(fēng)尚靠不住?！耙跃邮?，以小人終?！?Westernersseemselfishatthebeginning,butactlikegentlemenattheend)西方社會(huì)重實(shí)利，崇法治，“以獨(dú)立之生計(jì)，成獨(dú)立之人格，各守分際，不相侵漁?！薄耙孕∪耸迹跃咏K。”(Chine
6、semouthbeautifulwordsatthebeginning,butendupwithfightingoverselfinterests.)（《東西民族根本思想之差異》，《新青年》一卷四號(hào)）6深層差異導(dǎo)致一系列后果West西方：TodoubttheAuthorityChina中國(guó)：ToworshiptheAuthority7AncientGreekTraditionalTheGreeksdespisedthepracticebywhichsubjectscomingintothepresenceofanoriental
7、rulerprostratedthemselves:anintolerableformofinequalitybetweencitizensandtheirrulers.Overtwothousandyearslater,weinheritpreciselythesamereflexrejectionofprostration,partlybecauseithasbecometheimagebywhichChristianityrecognizesthedistancebetweenthehumanandthedivine.8P
8、ostersFanaticCultDuringthe1960’sinChina9PolishPoliticalCartoons BushCartoons Satireonline:U.S.PresidentialElection10關(guān)于人治和法治的語(yǔ)錄孟子：善政
