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1、0ECMO技術(shù)歷史和現(xiàn)狀1原理和結(jié)果2未來(lái)的展望3中國(guó)何處去4內(nèi)容0歷史和現(xiàn)狀0原理和結(jié)果用錢(qián)向上帝買(mǎi)時(shí)間用心向死神要生命等待ECMO的作用MOPumpCPBECMO體外循環(huán)的改善肝素涂抹技術(shù)經(jīng)皮插管技術(shù)泵膜肺的優(yōu)化肝素涂抹技術(shù)經(jīng)皮插管技術(shù)泵和膜肺優(yōu)化氧中毒機(jī)械損傷作用有限常規(guī)急性呼衰治療的缺陷全身炎性反應(yīng)支持:休息:有效氣體交換高氧損傷機(jī)械損傷ECMO對(duì)呼吸的作用降低后負(fù)荷降低前負(fù)荷增加心收縮血供難保證速度較慢效果有限常規(guī)重癥心衰治療方法和缺陷使用大量活性藥的弊病縮血管心肌細(xì)胞調(diào)亡心室重構(gòu)多臟器衰竭心律失常弊病全身炎性反應(yīng)支持:休息:維持有效循環(huán)…減少心臟做功減少藥物應(yīng)用…ECMO對(duì)心臟
2、的作用心臟移植供心動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化取自體血管行CABG術(shù)滲血嚴(yán)重,大量輸血輸液導(dǎo)致心肺功能惡化。少尿IABP及ECMO缺血時(shí)間長(zhǎng)心肌收縮仍差CPB下二次心臟移植,暫停ECMO術(shù)后呼吸功能未恢復(fù)再次進(jìn)行ECMO輔助心肺功能改善PLT低,手臂有出血點(diǎn)停止ECMO心臟移植和ECMO過(guò)程圖肺心腦功能恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)能力建立ECMO前必須慎重考慮經(jīng)費(fèi)預(yù)算首次運(yùn)行2.5–3.0萬(wàn)每天維持0.4–0.6萬(wàn)每例估計(jì)4.5–6.0萬(wàn)瞳孔意識(shí)乳酸尿量活性藥時(shí)機(jī)的判斷Heislifeordeath?whatisnextstep?停機(jī)放棄繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)流心肺移植ECMO轉(zhuǎn)歸適應(yīng)癥團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)機(jī)ECMO成功關(guān)鍵0未來(lái)展望供體(心、肺)原發(fā)性
3、肺高壓受體(心、肺)供體(心)復(fù)雜先心ECMO無(wú)效受體(心)天外有天ECMOpECMO經(jīng)皮靜脈插管房間隔打孔AALAbridgetoXP:Hoopes,2009清醒ECMORudichSM,etal,Transplantation,2002ECSassistedDCD成人雙腔引流灌注管ADPtPAheparinthrombomodulinNOADPPGI2tissueplasminogenactivatorEndothelialCellNon-thrombogenicEndotheliumthrombinCollagenTissueFactorFibronectinPAFcytokines
4、QuiescentPlateletprostaglandinI2nitricoxidethrombinplateletactivatingfactorplateletactivatinginhibitorPAI-1proteinSPSTFPIEffectofNitricOxideonPlateletsDirectEffects:directlybindstoguanylatecyclasetoincreasecGMP:inhibitsCa2+influxintoplateletsinhibitsphosphorylationofmyosinlightchainsinhibitsGpIIb/
5、IIIaexpressioninhibitsphosphorylationbyproteinkinaseCmodulatesphospholipaseA2andCmediatedresponsesdecreaseslocalplasma[Ca2+]IndirectEffects:NOreactswithS-thiolsinthebloodtocreatenitrosothiolsNOReleasingandGeneratingMaterialsasThromboresistantMaterialsNOreleasing/generatingmaterials(hydrophobic)NON
6、ONONONONOPlateletRedbloodcellNOfluxfromtheendothelialcell(EC)surfaceVaughn,M.W.;etal.Am.J.Physiol.274(HeartCirc.Physiol.43)1998,H2163.4.1×10-10mole·cm-2·min-1EstimatedbasedonRadomski’sexperimentaldata(Biochem.Biophy.Res.Comm.1987,148,1482.)1.6×10-10mole·cm-2·min-1(BradykininstimulatedEC)0.5×10-10m
7、ole·cm-2·min-1(unstimulatedEC)MaterialswithequalorhigherNOfluxfromtheirsurfacesmightbeabletohelppreventplateletadhesion/activation/aggregationonsuchmaterials.NeonatalRespiratoryCasesJan2009HFOVSurfactantiNOCardia