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1、Epigeneticsincancer腫瘤世界癌癥現(xiàn)狀全球(2010年)809萬人死亡1303萬新發(fā)病例5肝癌1肺癌7食道癌3結(jié)腸癌2乳腺癌4胃癌6宮頸癌CancerCancer6宮頸癌5結(jié)腸癌8鼻咽癌1肺癌2肝癌7乳腺癌3胃癌4食道癌268萬新發(fā)病例中國癌癥現(xiàn)狀197萬人死亡中國（2010）Whatcausescancer?Carcinogenesis. Somefactorstoconsider…HeredityImmunityChemicalPhysicalViralBacterialLifestyleHeredityGenesisol
2、atedforseveralclassicfamilialcancersyndromes:RB1(retinoblastoma)APC(familialpolyposis)HumanNonPolyposisColonCancer(HNPCC)BRCA1&2(breastcancer)p53(manycancers)抑癌基因p53ColleenA.BradyandLauraD.Attardi,p53ataglance，JournalofCellScience,2010,123:2527-2532Exposuretocarcinogens,fai
3、lureofDNArepair,andprogressivegeneticinstabilityleadtoaccumulationofmutationsthatdrivecancerdevelopment,growth,andmetastases.Subcloneswithnewmutationsmaybecomedominantwithinmetastasesorwithinpersistentorrecurrentcancerdepositsthroughselectivepressuresexertedbycytotoxicortar
4、getedchemotherapies.CancerEpigeneticsSincethediscoveryofthefirstrecurrentmutationsinoncogenesandtumorsuppressorgenes,ithasbeenclearthatcanceris,inlargepart,ageneticdisease.Globalchangesintheepigeneticlandscapeareahallmarkofcancer.WhatisEpigentics?遺傳學(xué)genetics基因組印跡源自雙親的兩個等位基因
5、中一個不表達或表達很弱。不遵循孟德爾定律同卵雙胞胎表觀遺傳WhyYourDNAIsn’tYourDestiny?Thenewfieldofepigeneticsisshowinghow?your?environmentand?yourchoicescaninfluence?your?geneticcode—andthatof?your?kids表觀遺傳學(xué)(Epigenetics)基因的DNA序列不發(fā)生改變的情況下，基因的表達水平與功能發(fā)生改變，并產(chǎn)生可遺傳的表型一門新興的遺傳學(xué)分支遺傳與表觀遺傳表觀遺傳學(xué)的特點：可遺傳的，即這類改變通過有絲分
6、裂或減數(shù)分裂，能在細(xì)胞或個體世代間遺傳；可逆性的基因表達調(diào)節(jié)，也有較少的學(xué)者描述為基因活性或功能的改變；沒有DNA序列的改變或不能用DNA序列變化來解釋。拉馬克1809年發(fā)表的《動物哲學(xué)》：用進廢退這種后天獲得的性狀是可以遺傳的表觀遺傳學(xué)變化具有可遺傳性NattD,RubinCJ,WrightDetal.Heritablegenome-widevariationofgeneexpressionandpromotermethylationbetweenwildanddomesticatedchickens.BMCgenomics2012;13:
7、59.ConclusionsOurresultsshowthatepigeneticvariationisinheritedinchickens,andwesuggestthatselectionoffavourableepigenomes,eitherbyselectionofgenotypesaffectingepigeneticstates,orbyselectionofmethylationstateswhichareinheritedindependentlyofsequencedifferences,mayhavebeenanim
8、portantaspectofchickendomestication.DowenRH,PelizzolaM,SchmitzRJetal.Widespreaddyn
