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1、RevisionofThepassiveInfinitive不定式被動(dòng)式講與練不定式語法?不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化,時(shí)態(tài)共四種,即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),如下表所示。語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing/當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。一、不定
2、式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法1.作主語:Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.作賓語:SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.一當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。.3.構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語:Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4.構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語:Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5.作定語:Areyougoingtothe
3、meetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?6.作狀語:Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式,在句中作主語、賓語、定語,或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等,如:Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主語)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(賓語))Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(復(fù)合賓語)Thebookissaidtohav
4、ebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(復(fù)合謂語)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定語)三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)2.在“n/pron+be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light
5、,heavy,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous等。例如:Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith.3.在“too—todo;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout).Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withsomanyexercise
6、stodo,Ican‘tgotothecinema.5.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。例如:Ihavealettertotypetoday.(I是totype的邏輯主語)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的邏輯主語)6.當(dāng)不定式隱含在forsbtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。例如:Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus/youtoread).Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse.7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租),rent,hi
7、re,blame等。例如:Thehouseistolet.Ifeltlwastoblame.NOTICE動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的使用普遍,有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的,也往往用主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillen